Quantitative Research Methods in History of Education: Master Your Research Skills

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on capturing individual subjective experiences and perspectives

Answer

Objectivity and neutrality throughout the research process

Answer

Data collection using structured instruments like surveys or experiments

Question 2

In quantitative research, which of the following methods is typically NOT employed?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Correlation research

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To formulate a prediction about the study's outcome based on prior knowledge or theory

Answer

To elaborate on the expected research findings

Answer

To provide an explanation for the research question

Answer

To collect data for analysis

Question 4

Which research design involves randomly assigning participants to different experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

Pre-test and post-test design

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 5

What differentiates independent variables from dependent variables?

Accepted Answer

Independent variables are controlled by the researcher, while dependent variables are the observed outcomes.

Answer

Dependent variables are controlled by the researcher, while independent variables are the observed outcomes.

Answer

Both variables are manipulated and observed.

Answer

Neither variable is manipulated.

Question 6

Which statistical test is frequently used to determine the significance of differences between two groups?

Accepted Answer

T-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Question 7

When conducting survey research, which statistical test is most suitable for analyzing data that falls into distinct categories?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

T-test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 8

State a characteristic that does not belong to quantitative research.

Accepted Answer

Relying on subjective interpretations

Answer

Emphasizes numerical data

Answer

Employs statistical analyses

Answer

Findings can be generalized

Question 9

What is the main objective of a pilot study in survey research?

Accepted Answer

To validate the research instrument and identify any potential challenges

Answer

To gather data for hypothesis testing

Answer

To calculate the appropriate sample size for the main study

Answer

To explore the research topic in more detail

Question 10

Explain the fundamental difference between a confidence interval and a hypothesis test.

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval estimates population parameters, whereas a hypothesis test evaluates the credibility of a hypothesis.

Answer

A hypothesis test estimates population parameters, whereas a confidence interval evaluates the credibility of a hypothesis.

Answer

A confidence interval provides more precise estimates than a hypothesis test.

Answer

A hypothesis test provides more precise estimates than a confidence interval.

Question 11

Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 12

What is the initial step in designing a quantitative research study?

Accepted Answer

Formulating the research question

Answer

Conducting a pilot study

Answer

Gathering data

Answer

Analyzing data

Question 13

In quantitative research, how do validity and reliability contribute to the trustworthiness of research findings?

Accepted Answer

Reliability and validity positively impact the trustworthiness of research findings.

Answer

Validity is more significant than reliability in quantitative research.

Answer

Reliability is primarily achieved through random sampling, while validity is achieved through large sample sizes.

Question 14

Why are clearly formulated research questions crucial in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

They guide data collection and analysis, ensuring relevance and focus.

Answer

They are less important in quantitative research than in qualitative research.

Answer

They have no impact on the reliability of research findings.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of experimental research?

Accepted Answer

Data derived solely through observation

Answer

Control group

Answer

Random assignment of participants

Answer

Manipulation of an independent variable

Question 16

In survey research, which sampling method gives each individual in the population an equal probability of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 17

Which statistical test is appropriate for determining the significance of differences between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Pearson correlation coefficient

Question 18

What is the fundamental difference between Cronbach's alpha and Guttman split-half reliability?

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha considers all possible item pairings, while Guttman split-half evaluates only one item split.

Answer

Guttman split-half considers all possible item pairings, while Cronbach's alpha evaluates only one item split.

Answer

Cronbach's alpha measures internal consistency, while Guttman split-half assesses test-retest reliability.

Answer

Guttman split-half measures internal consistency, while Cronbach's alpha assesses test-retest reliability.

Question 19

Which type of research design involves randomly allocating participants to different treatment conditions?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Answer

Quasi-experimental

Answer

Non-experimental

Answer

Correlational

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Statistical analysis

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a tentative explanation for a research question.

Answer

To collect data

Answer

To analyze data

Answer

To generate a theory

Question 22

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed survey?

Accepted Answer

Clear and specific questions

Answer

Lack of response options

Answer

Lengthy and complex questions

Answer

Biased question wording

Question 23

What is the purpose of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

Accepted Answer

To test the efficacy of an intervention

Answer

To provide descriptive statistics

Answer

To generate a hypothesis

Answer

To explore a research question

Question 24

Which of the following statistical measures indicates the central tendency of a data distribution?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

P-value

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 25

What is the role of a literature review in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

To provide a context for the study and identify gaps in knowledge.

Answer

To collect data

Answer

To formulate research questions

Answer

To analyze data

Question 26

Which of the following is a benefit of using quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Objectivity and statistical rigor

Answer

Flexibility and adaptability

Answer

Holistic and in-depth understanding

Answer

Emphasis on subjective experiences

Question 27

What is the difference between correlation and causation in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Correlation shows an association between variables, while causation implies that one variable causes another.

Answer

Correlation is a stronger indicator of causation than causation.

Answer

Causation is always evident when there is a correlation.