Master Ethical Decision-Making: Moral Dilemmas and Frameworks

Question 1

In the context of ethical decision-making, 'moral agency' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Ability to make independent and responsible choices

Answer

Obligation to follow societal rules

Answer

Power of religious authorities

Answer

Role of emotions in moral reasoning

Question 2

The ethical principle of 'double effect' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Foreseeing a negative consequence but not intending it as a direct result of an action

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Intentionally causing harm as a secondary effect of a good action

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Balancing the positive and negative consequences of an action

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Avoiding actions that have any potential negative consequences

Question 3

Which of the following is the first step in the Five-Step Model of Moral Problem-Solving?

Accepted Answer

Identify the ethical dilemma

Answer

Gather relevant information

Answer

Generate possible solutions

Answer

Consult an expert

Question 4

According to Immanuel Kant, the morality of an action is based on:

Accepted Answer

Its adherence to moral rules

Answer

Its consequences

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Its intentions

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Its adherence to religious beliefs

Question 5

The ethical principle of non-maleficence requires that:

Accepted Answer

One should avoid doing harm to others

Answer

One should actively seek to harm others

Answer

One should always tell the truth, even when it may cause harm

Answer

One should always obey the law, even when it may conflict with one's moral beliefs

Question 6

Casuistry is a method used in ethics to:

Accepted Answer

Apply general ethical principles to specific situations

Answer

Develop new ethical principles based on specific situations

Answer

Resolve moral dilemmas by relying solely on intuition

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Avoid ethical considerations by focusing on technicalities

Question 7

Which defining characteristic distinguishes an ethical dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Multiple potential solutions with varying consequences

Answer

A clear and definitive right or wrong choice

Answer

Easy resolution using a single ethical principle

Answer

No impact on the rights and well-being of others

Question 8

Which ethical framework prioritizes the potential consequences of actions?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Natural law

Question 9

Christian ethics recognizes which source as the ultimate moral authority?

Accepted Answer

Divine revelation

Answer

Human reason

Answer

Cultural norms

Answer

Scientific consensus

Question 10

Which value holds central importance in Christian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Selflessness

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Wealth accumulation

Answer

Power

Question 11

When navigating an ethical dilemma, which step should be undertaken first in the ethical decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the ethical issue(s) involved

Answer

Analyzing the potential consequences of each option

Answer

Applying an ethical framework

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Reaching a decision

Question 12

The "proportionality principle" in moral theology pertains to:

Accepted Answer

The necessity of balancing potential harms and benefits of an action

Answer

The importance of upholding human dignity

Answer

The obligation to obey Church authority

Answer

The need to act in accordance with one's own conscience

Question 13

The Utilitarian ethical perspective emphasizes which principle?

Accepted Answer

Greatest good for the greatest number

Answer

Duty to others

Answer

Virtue of actions

Answer

Intuition and emotion

Question 14

Which ethical reasoning principle states that an action is morally right if it can be universally applied as a law for all?

Accepted Answer

Categorical Imperative

Answer

Principle of Utility

Answer

Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 15

What is the defining characteristic of a moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

There are multiple ethical principles that conflict

Answer

There is only one acceptable course of action

Answer

There are no clear ethical principles to guide the decision

Answer

The decision-maker has strong emotional attachments to certain outcomes

Question 16

What is the meaning of the ethical principle of non-maleficence?

Accepted Answer

Do no harm

Answer

Do good

Answer

Respect the rights of others

Answer

Act in accordance with duty

Question 17

What does the ethical concept of virtue refer to?

Accepted Answer

Character traits

Answer

Moral principles

Answer

Ethical dilemmas

Answer

Decision-making processes

Question 18

To minimize the influence of bias and subjectivity in ethical decision-making, which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Seeking input from diverse viewpoints

Answer

Trusting solely in gut instinct

Answer

Disregarding personal values

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Making choices driven solely by emotions

Question 19

Which of the following is not a key characteristic of an ethical dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Clearly right or wrong options available

Answer

Conflict between competing ethical values

Answer

Emotional distress experienced

Answer

Potential for significant consequences

Question 20

According to the Principle of Autonomy, individuals should prioritize:

Accepted Answer

Acting in accordance with their beliefs and values

Answer

Following instructions from authorities without question

Answer

Putting the well-being of others before their own

Answer

Always seeking professional guidance in ethical challenges

Question 21

Which ethical theory aims to maximize overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Natural law theory

Question 22

When utilizing Virtue Ethics as an ethical framework, what should be the primary focus?

Accepted Answer

Cultivating virtuous character traits

Answer

Analyzing the consequences of one's actions

Answer

Understanding the rights and obligations of individuals

Answer

Evaluating the potential for harm or benefit

Question 23

In situations involving moral uncertainty, which decision-making strategy can be employed to guide ethical choices?

Accepted Answer

Casuistry

Answer

Relying solely on ethical principles

Answer

Adhering strictly to legal regulations

Answer

Following one's intuition

Question 24

The ethical principle of distributive justice emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Fair and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities

Answer

Respect for individual rights and freedoms

Answer

Protection of vulnerable populations

Answer

Promotion of social harmony and cohesion