Master Social and Political Ethics: Online Quizzes and Study Guide

Question 1

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, human rights are:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental and inalienable

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Conditional and can be restricted

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Relative and vary across cultures

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Subjective and dependent on individual beliefs

Question 2

Which ethical theory prioritizes the consequences of actions and holds that actions are right if they maximize overall happiness?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

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Deontology

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Virtue ethics

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Social contract theory

Question 3

In the context of political decision-making, distributive justice focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Distributing resources equitably

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Prioritizing the needs of the most marginalized

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Rewarding those who contribute the most

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Protecting individual liberty

Question 4

In the context of social and political ethics, 'intersectionality' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The overlapping and interconnected nature of different forms of discrimination and oppression

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The idea that all members of a particular group face the same challenges

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The belief that social identities are fluid and constantly evolving

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The notion that individual experiences are the only valid source of knowledge

Question 5

Which ethical principle emphasizes the concept of treating individuals with fairness, dignity, and respect?

Accepted Answer

Justice

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Autonomy

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Beneficence

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Non-maleficence

Question 6

In terms of utilitarian ethics, the ethical action is the one that:

Accepted Answer

Generates the most benefits for the greatest number of people

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Maximizes personal advantages

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Minimizes harm to others

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Produces the greatest amount of pleasure

Question 7

According to deontological ethics, the rightness or wrongness of an action is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Its adherence to moral rules and principles

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Its consequences

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Its intentions

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Its impact on overall happiness

Question 8

Which ethical principle focuses on refraining from causing harm to others?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

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Autonomy

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Beneficence

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Justice

Question 9

The 'Trolley Problem' presents an ethical dilemma involving:

Accepted Answer

Sacrificing one individual to save five others

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Lying to preserve a life

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Stealing to feed a starving child

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Breaking the law to prevent harm

Question 10

Which ethical theory prioritizes the significance of individual liberties?

Accepted Answer

Liberalism

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Communitarianism

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Marxism

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Socialism

Question 11

What is the fundamental distinction between positive and negative rights?

Accepted Answer

Positive rights necessitate action, while negative rights necessitate inaction

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Negative rights necessitate action, while positive rights necessitate inaction

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Positive rights are fundamental rights, whereas negative rights are not

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There is no difference between positive and negative rights

Question 12

Improved: Which international document is considered the most comprehensive statement of human rights?

Accepted Answer

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

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Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

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European Convention on Human Rights

Question 13

Improved: According to consequentialism, an action is morally right if it:

Accepted Answer

Produces the greatest good for the greatest number

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Is commanded by God

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Is consistent with natural law

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Conforms to duty

Question 14

Improved: Which decision-making model prioritizes individual freedom and minimal government interference?

Accepted Answer

Libertarianism

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Communitarianism

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Social democracy

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Marxism

Question 15

Improved: Which ethical principle states that some actions are inherently wrong, regardless of consequences?

Accepted Answer

Categorical Imperative

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Utilitarian Principle

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Golden Rule

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Ethical Relativism

Question 16

Improved: According to John Rawls, the principles of justice should be chosen by:

Accepted Answer

Individuals under a veil of ignorance

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The majority of society

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A selfish individual

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A group of intelligent philosophers

Question 17

Improved: Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of personal conscience and moral values?

Accepted Answer

Virtue Ethics

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Kantian Ethics

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Utilitarianism

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Natural Law Theory

Question 18

Improved: In virtue ethics, a virtuous person is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Possessing positive moral traits

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Always following the law without question

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Maximizing happiness for the largest number of people

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Adhering strictly to religious principles

Question 19

How do ethical principles influence leadership practices, especially in social and political decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Ethical principles offer a framework for leaders to make decisions that promote the common good and respect individual rights.

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Ethical principles are only relevant to personal decision-making and have no bearing on leadership roles.

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Leaders are justified in prioritizing their personal interests over ethical principles.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of social justice?

Accepted Answer

Charity

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Fairness

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Equity

Question 21

What is the main purpose of human rights advocacy?

Accepted Answer

To safeguard individuals from violations of their fundamental freedoms

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To establish political stability

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To foster economic prosperity

Question 22

Which ethical theory primarily focuses on the outcomes of actions rather than the intentions behind them?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

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Care ethics

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Deontology

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Virtue ethics

Question 23

What is a defining characteristic of ethical decision-making in a democratic society?

Accepted Answer

Public deliberation and consent

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Secrecy and exclusivity

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Coercion and suppression

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Arbitrary rule

Question 24

Which of the following is a potential barrier to achieving social justice?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

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Technological advancement

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Economic growth

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Educational opportunities

Question 25

What is a key feature of a just and equitable society?

Accepted Answer

Equality of opportunity

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Suppression of dissent

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Preference for the majority

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Absolute equality of outcome

Question 26

Which of the following can contribute to political polarization?

Accepted Answer

Media bias and echo chambers

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Effective political representation

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Increased civic engagement

Question 27

What is a fundamental responsibility of citizens in a democratic society?

Accepted Answer

Active participation and informed decision-making

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Unquestioning obedience to authority

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Delegation of decision-making to experts

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Maintaining social order at any cost