Applications of Fluid Mechanics: Master Engineering Mechanics Concepts

Question 1

In the context of incompressible flow, stability is primarily influenced by which fluid property?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Density

Answer

Compressibility

Answer

Surface tension

Question 2

Which of the following dimensionless numbers is used to determine the flow regime in a pipe?

Accepted Answer

Reynolds number

Answer

Froude number

Answer

Mach number

Answer

Weber number

Question 3

In a centrifugal pump, how does the flow rate change in relation to the pump speed?

Accepted Answer

Flow rate is directly proportional to pump speed.

Answer

Flow rate is inversely proportional to pump speed.

Answer

Flow rate is independent of pump speed.

Answer

Flow rate is inversely proportional to the square of pump speed.

Question 4

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter used to indicate:

Accepted Answer

Flow regime

Answer

Pump efficiency

Answer

Turbine power output

Answer

Pipe friction factor

Question 5

Which equation is commonly used to calculate the pressure drop due to friction in a pipe?

Accepted Answer

Darcy-Weisbach equation

Answer

Bernoulli equation

Answer

Continuity equation

Answer

Momentum equation

Question 6

In a turbine, the specific speed is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Turbine size relative to its power output

Answer

Turbine efficiency at a given operating point

Answer

Turbine pressure ratio

Answer

Turbine blade speed

Question 7

What is the primary function of a draft tube in a turbine system?

Accepted Answer

Reduce fluid velocity exiting the turbine

Answer

Increase fluid pressure entering the turbine

Answer

Create a vacuum to draw fluid through the turbine

Answer

Cool the turbine blades

Question 8

For low-flow, high-pressure applications, which type of pump is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Positive displacement pump

Answer

Centrifugal pump

Answer

Axial flow pump

Answer

Jet pump

Question 9

The power required to operate a pump is:

Accepted Answer

Proportional to both flow rate and pressure head

Answer

Proportional to the flow rate only

Answer

Proportional to the pressure head only

Answer

Independent of flow rate and pressure head

Question 10

In a horizontal pipe with a constant diameter, the pressure decreases along the direction of fluid flow. This pressure drop is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Frictional losses between the fluid and the pipe wall.

Answer

Changes in fluid velocity.

Answer

Work done by the fluid on the surroundings.

Answer

Changes in elevation.

Question 11

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the flow regime of a fluid. Which statement about the Reynolds number is true?

Accepted Answer

A high Reynolds number indicates turbulent flow, while a low Reynolds number indicates laminar flow.

Answer

The Reynolds number is independent of fluid viscosity.

Answer

The Reynolds number is directly proportional to fluid viscosity.

Answer

The Reynolds number is only applicable to compressible flows.

Question 12

A hydraulic turbine generates power by converting the potential energy of water stored at a height into mechanical energy. Which parameter has the most significant impact on the power output of a turbine?

Accepted Answer

Head (height difference between the water source and the turbine)

Answer

Atmospheric pressure.

Answer

Water temperature.

Answer

Turbine material.

Question 13

Cavitation, a phenomenon that can damage pumps and turbines, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The formation of vapor bubbles within the liquid due to a drop in pressure below the liquid's vapor pressure.

Answer

The formation of air pockets in the fluid due to rapid changes in velocity.

Answer

Corrosion of the pump or turbine material due to chemical reactions.

Answer

An increase in fluid temperature leading to boiling.

Question 14

Bernoulli's equation is a fundamental principle in fluid mechanics based on the conservation of:

Accepted Answer

Energy.

Answer

Momentum.

Answer

Mass.

Answer

Pressure.

Question 15

In a pipeline system, minor losses in pressure head occur due to:

Accepted Answer

Fittings such as bends, valves, and elbows, which create resistance to flow.

Answer

Friction between the fluid and the pipe wall.

Answer

Turbulence in the fluid flow.

Answer

Changes in elevation along the pipeline.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common type of pump used in engineering applications?

Accepted Answer

Archimedes screw pump.

Answer

Positive displacement pump.

Answer

Centrifugal pump.

Answer

Axial flow pump.

Question 17

When selecting pipe material for a specific application, which factor is NOT a primary consideration?

Accepted Answer

Pipe color.

Answer

Fluid compatibility.

Answer

Cost and availability.

Answer

Operating pressure and temperature.