Thermodynamic Properties: Master the Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Question 1

An isentropic process maintains constant entropy. Which statement is true for a closed system undergoing an isentropic process?

Accepted Answer

System entropy remains constant.

Answer

System temperature decreases.

Answer

System pressure remains constant.

Answer

System volume increases.

Question 2

Which thermodynamic property measures the heat energy contained within a closed system?

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Specific heat capacity

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between intensive and extensive properties?

Accepted Answer

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter in the system, while intensive properties do not.

Answer

Intensive properties depend on the amount of matter in the system, while extensive properties do not.

Answer

Intensive properties are always positive, while extensive properties can be negative.

Answer

Extensive properties are always scalar, while intensive properties can be either scalar or vector.

Question 5

Which of the following thermodynamic systems does **not** exchange mass with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Open system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 6

Which quantity is NOT a thermodynamic property that can fully describe the state of a simple compressible system?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Work

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Heat capacity

Question 8

Which thermodynamic property remains constant regardless of the quantity of matter present in the system?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Mass

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Question 9

Which thermodynamic property measures the disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Time

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Question 11

Which thermodynamic property measures the amount of heat energy stored in a system?

Accepted Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Question 12

To determine the specific heat capacity of an ideal gas, which thermodynamic table should be consulted?

Accepted Answer

Gas properties

Answer

Liquid properties

Answer

Solid properties

Answer

Thermodynamic equations

Question 13

Which statement does NOT represent a fundamental principle of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The efficiency of a reversible heat engine depends only on the temperatures of the reservoirs.

Answer

Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder to a hotter body.

Answer

A heat engine operating in a cycle must reject heat to a colder reservoir.

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system increases or remains constant over time.

Question 14

Which property below is NOT intensive? Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter in the system.

Accepted Answer

Volume

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Density

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Chemical composition

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Volume

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property of a system?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Entropy

Question 17

In a closed system undergoing an adiabatic process, which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Question 18

Which software is specifically designed for creating thermodynamic models and simulating thermodynamic processes?

Accepted Answer

Aspen Plus

Answer

MATLAB

Answer

Excel

Question 19

Which thermodynamic process involves the addition of energy as work without any heat exchange?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic process

Answer

Isentropic process

Answer

Isothermal process

Answer

Isochoric process

Question 20

Which thermodynamic property remains constant regardless of the system's mass?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Mass

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Question 21

Identify the quantity that is NOT a thermodynamic property of a closed system:

Accepted Answer

Velocity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Specific heat capacity

Question 22

Which of the following is **not** a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 23

Within the realm of thermodynamics, which property serves as a measure of the degree of disorder or randomness inherent to a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 24

Which of the following is not a thermodynamic property of a system?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Answer

Entropy

Question 25

Which thermodynamic property measures the total internal molecular motion and energy of a system?

Accepted Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Specific heat capacity

Question 26

In a closed system undergoing a reversible process, what happens to the entropy of the system?

Accepted Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Increases in the surroundings

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Internal Energy

Question 28

Which of the following is not considered a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Volume

Answer

Entropy

Question 29

In a closed system undergoing a reversible isothermal process, what happens to the entropy of the system?

Accepted Answer

Remains unchanged

Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Question 30

Which of the following is **NOT** a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Time

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Entropy

Question 31

In a closed system undergoing an isobaric process (constant pressure), which thermodynamic property measures the heat transferred into or out of the system?

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy (H)

Answer

Internal energy (U)

Answer

Entropy (S)

Question 32

An isolated system undergoes an irreversible process. What is true about the entropy generation associated with this process?

Accepted Answer

Entropy generation is always positive.

Answer

Entropy generation is always zero.

Answer

Entropy generation can be negative.

Question 33

For a closed system undergoing a reversible isothermal process, which statement holds true?

Accepted Answer

The system's entropy remains constant

Answer

The system's entropy decreases

Answer

The system's entropy increases

Answer

The surroundings' entropy decreases

Question 34

What is the Joule-Thomson effect?

Accepted Answer

The temperature change of a gas expanding through a porous barrier

Answer

The pressure change of a gas expanding through a nozzle

Answer

The entropy change of a gas undergoing a reversible isothermal process

Answer

The volume change of a gas undergoing an adiabatic process

Question 35

Which factor does NOT influence the thermodynamic properties of a system?

Accepted Answer

Altitude

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Composition

Question 36

What is the significance of the triple point on a phase diagram?

Accepted Answer

It represents the unique temperature and pressure at which all three phases coexist

Answer

It represents the temperature and pressure at which the liquid and solid phases coexist

Answer

It represents the temperature and pressure at which the gas and solid phases coexist

Answer

It represents the temperature and pressure at which the liquid and gas phases coexist

Question 37

The Carnot cycle, a theoretical heat engine, operates on:

Accepted Answer

Reversible processes

Answer

Irreversible processes

Answer

Adiabatic processes

Answer

Isothermal processes

Question 38

Which assumption of the ideal gas law is not valid for real gases?

Accepted Answer

Particles have a significant size.

Answer

Particles have negligible volume.

Answer

Particles do not interact with each other.

Answer

Particles are in constant random motion.

Question 39

Identify the equation that represents the van der Waals equation:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT + a(n/V)^2 - b

Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

PV = ZRT

Answer

PV = nRT/V

Question 40

What is the critical temperature of a real gas defined as?

Accepted Answer

The temperature above which the gas cannot exist as a liquid.

Answer

The temperature below which the gas cannot exist as a gas.

Answer

The temperature at which the gas has a maximum density.

Answer

The temperature at which the gas has a minimum pressure.

Question 41

Which statement accurately describes the Joule-Thomson effect?

Accepted Answer

It is an irreversible process that can be used to liquefy gases.

Answer

It is a reversible process that can be used to liquefy gases.

Answer

It is a reversible process that has no practical applications.

Answer

It is an irreversible process that has no practical applications.

Question 42

According to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches what value at absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Undefined

Question 43

For an ideal gas, how does its internal energy relate to its temperature?

Accepted Answer

Internal energy is directly proportional to temperature.

Answer

Internal energy is inversely proportional to temperature.

Answer

Internal energy is independent of temperature.

Answer

Internal energy is proportional to the square of temperature.

Question 44

Which of the following equations best describes the behavior of real gases at high pressures and low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals equation

Answer

Ideal gas law

Answer

Clausius equation

Answer

Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation

Question 45

Which thermodynamic property quantifies the change in internal energy of a system?

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Helmholtz free energy

Question 46

The Joule-Thomson coefficient measures the:

Accepted Answer

Change in temperature of a gas undergoing throttling.

Answer

Isothermal compressibility of a gas.

Answer

Adiabatic expansion of a gas.

Answer

Isochoric specific heat capacity of a gas.

Question 47

The ideal gas law is given by the equation:

Accepted Answer

pV = nRT

Answer

p = ρRT

Answer

V = nRT/p

Answer

ρ = p/RT

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a common method used to determine the thermodynamic properties of real gases?

Accepted Answer

Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Answer

Experimental measurements

Answer

Theoretical calculations

Answer

Estimation using empirical correlations

Question 49

Which thermodynamic property is associated with the randomness or disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Helmholtz free energy

Question 50

In a phase diagram, what does the critical point represent?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and pressure where liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable

Answer

Pressure where liquid and gas phases have the same density

Answer

Temperature where solid and liquid phases have the same density

Answer

Point where the compressibility factor is zero

Question 51

Which property is dimensionless?

Accepted Answer

Compressibility factor

Answer

Volume

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Question 52

Define the Joule-Thomson coefficient.

Accepted Answer

Temperature change of a gas expanding at constant enthalpy

Answer

Enthalpy change of a gas expanding at constant volume

Answer

Entropy change of a gas expanding at constant temperature

Answer

Volume change of a gas expanding at constant pressure

Question 53

How is entropy related to irreversibility?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases in irreversible processes

Answer

Entropy decreases in irreversible processes

Answer

Entropy is constant in irreversible processes

Answer

There is no relationship between entropy and irreversibility

Question 54

Which of the following properties characterizes an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

Its molecules experience negligible interactions.

Answer

Its molecules have zero volume.

Answer

Its temperature remains constant.

Answer

Its pressure is inversely proportional to its volume.

Question 55

The van der Waals equation extends the ideal gas law by considering:

Accepted Answer

Molecular interactions

Answer

Molecular volume

Answer

Heat transfer

Answer

Entropy

Question 56

Among the following real gases, which deviates significantly from ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Air

Answer

Argon

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 57

Which thermodynamic potential function measures the potential for spontaneous change?

Accepted Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Entropy

Question 58

The process during which the enthalpy of a system remains constant is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isentropic

Answer

Isochoric

Question 59

The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass by one unit

Answer

The amount of heat required to convert unit mass from solid to liquid

Answer

The amount of heat required to vaporize unit mass

Answer

The amount of heat released when unit mass cools by one unit

Question 60

Phase transitions involve changes in the physical state of matter. Which of the following statements about phase transitions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phase transitions involve changes in the physical state of matter, accompanied by changes in enthalpy and volume.

Accepted Answer

The triple point of a substance is the point where all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) coexist in equilibrium.

Answer

Phase transitions occur instantaneously without any change in temperature or pressure.

Answer

Entropy always decreases during a phase transition.

Question 61

In an irreversible process, entropy generation is always:

Accepted Answer

Positive

Answer

Zero

Answer

Negative

Answer

Negative in non-spontaneous processes

Question 62

What do the van der Waals constants 'a' and 'b' account for in the van der Waals equation?

Accepted Answer

Intermolecular forces and excluded volume for real gases.

Answer

Experimental correction factors for ideal gas behavior.

Answer

Critical point parameters for phase transitions.

Answer

Negligible contributions to gas behavior.

Question 63

Which of the following correctly describes the compressibility factor for a gas?

Accepted Answer

A measure of deviation from ideal gas behavior.

Answer

Always greater than unity for real gases.

Answer

Equal to unity for ideal gases.

Answer

Equal to zero for liquids.

Question 64

How do extensive and intensive properties differ?

Accepted Answer

Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance, while intensive properties do not.

Answer

Intensive properties are always positive, while extensive properties can be negative.

Answer

Extensive properties can be transferred between systems, while intensive properties cannot.

Answer

There is no distinction between extensive and intensive properties.