Antibiotics: Learn About Different Classes, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Uses

Question 1

Which of the following antibiotics is primarily used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 2

What is the primary molecular target of penicillin antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell wall

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA gyrase

Question 3

Which of the following antibiotics is primarily used to treat serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Question 4

Antibiotics like penicillin primarily act by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibiting protein synthesis

Answer

Damaging the cell membrane

Answer

Inhibiting DNA replication

Question 5

Antibiotic resistance due to enzymes that modify or degrade the antibiotic is known as:

Accepted Answer

Target site modification

Answer

Efflux-mediated resistance

Answer

Permeability-mediated resistance

Answer

Biosynthesis of alternative targets

Question 6

Which antibiotic is the preferred choice for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Tetracycline

Question 7

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics primarily inhibit:

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell membrane function

Answer

RNA synthesis

Question 8

Which class of antibiotics is predominantly indicated for treating infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Penicillins

Answer

Cephalosporins

Answer

Fluoroquinolones

Answer

Aminoglycosides

Question 9

Which antibiotic possesses broad-spectrum activity, targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Clindamycin

Question 10

Which mechanism of antibiotic resistance involves the production of enzymes that degrade the antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic inactivation

Answer

Efflux pumps

Answer

Target site modification

Answer

Alteration of permeability

Question 11

Identify the primary challenge associated with the widespread use of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Development of antibiotic resistance

Answer

High cost of production

Answer

Limited effectiveness against viruses

Answer

Potential for adverse effects

Question 12

What is the term used to describe a bacterial infection that exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Multidrug-resistant

Answer

Pan-resistant

Answer

Superbug

Answer

Untreatable

Question 13

Which of the following is not a recommended strategy for combating antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Using antibiotics to treat viral infections

Answer

Prescribing antibiotics only when necessary

Answer

Completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics

Answer

Developing new antibiotics

Question 14

Which class of antibiotics is known for its broad-spectrum activity and is often used as a last-resort treatment for severe infections?

Accepted Answer

Carbapenems

Answer

Penicillins

Answer

Cephalosporins

Answer

Macrolides

Question 15

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Adherence to prescribed antibiotic regimens

Answer

Overuse of antibiotics

Answer

Genetic mutations in bacteria

Answer

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing

Question 17

Which of the following measures is an effective strategy for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

Educating patients about appropriate antibiotic use

Answer

Prescribing antibiotics without diagnostic testing

Answer

Using antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock

Question 18

Which of the following antibiotics is commonly used to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 19

Which of the following antibiotics is indicated for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Gentamicin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Question 20

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with antibiotic use?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Hair growth

Answer

Weight gain

Question 21

A critically ill patient presents with a severe bacterial infection. The causative organism is identified as methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). Which of the following antibiotics would be the MOST appropriate treatment option?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Penicillin

Question 22

Which class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)?

Accepted Answer

Beta-lactams

Answer

Polymyxins

Answer

Glycopeptides

Answer

Lincosamides

Question 23

A patient receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics develops severe diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

*Clostridioides Difficile* infection

Answer

Viral gastroenteritis

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Staphylococcal food poisoning

Question 24

Which antibiotic class is associated with ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as potential adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycosides

Answer

Tetracyclines

Answer

Macrolides

Answer

Sulfonamides

Question 25

Which of the following is a key principle of antibiotic stewardship?

Accepted Answer

Prescribing antibiotics only for suspected or confirmed bacterial infections

Answer

Using broad-spectrum antibiotics as the first line of treatment for all infections

Answer

Using the longest effective duration of antibiotic therapy to ensure complete eradication of bacteria

Question 26

Which of the following statements about the therapeutic index of an antibiotic is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A lower therapeutic index indicates a narrower margin of safety.

Answer

A higher therapeutic index indicates a narrower margin of safety.

Answer

The therapeutic index is not relevant for antibiotics.

Question 27

Which of the following combinations of antibiotics is an example of antagonistic interaction?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin G and Erythromycin

Answer

Tetracycline and Doxycycline

Answer

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

Answer

Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Question 28

Which antibiotic is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of gonorrhea?

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Penicillin G

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Ciprofloxacin