Cardiovascular Drugs: Master the Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of angiotensin II receptors

Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Answer

Prevention of angiotensin II formation

Answer

Reduction of aldosterone secretion

Question 2

Which type of receptor is primarily associated with G-protein signalling?

Accepted Answer

GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor)

Answer

Ionotropic receptor

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Question 3

What is the therapeutic target of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)

Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Answer

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Calcium channels

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between positive and negative inotropes?

Accepted Answer

Positive inotropes increase contractility, while negative inotropes decrease contractility

Answer

Positive inotropes reduce heart rate, while negative inotropes increase heart rate

Answer

Positive inotropes increase preload, while negative inotropes decrease preload

Answer

Positive inotropes decrease afterload, while negative inotropes increase afterload

Question 5

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers used to treat hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Blockade of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 6

Which class of cardiovascular drugs inhibits the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for using digoxin in heart failure treatment?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Renal impairment

Question 8

Which class of diuretics is primarily used to treat edema associated with liver cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer

Thiazides

Answer

Loop diuretics

Answer

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 9

Which antiplatelet drug is a prodrug that requires liver metabolism to become active?

Accepted Answer

Clopidogrel

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Ticagrelor

Answer

Prasugrel

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary indication for thrombolytic therapy?

Accepted Answer

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Peripheral arterial disease

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 11

Which characteristic feature is typically associated with a drug primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system?

Accepted Answer

Extensive first-pass metabolism

Answer

High protein binding

Answer

Short half-life

Answer

Low bioavailability

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a class of cardiovascular drugs?

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer

Antihypertensives

Answer

Antianginals

Answer

Anticoagulants

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms of action is associated with beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of calcium channels

Answer

Activation of sodium channels

Answer

Stimulation of renin production

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is used as an anticoagulant?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Simvastatin

Answer

Metoprolol

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of antihypertensive drug?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is used to treat angina?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Amiodarone

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential side effect of statins?

Accepted Answer

Myopathy

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Prolongation of the PR interval

Answer

Blockade of sodium channels

Answer

Activation of potassium channels

Answer

Inhibition of calcium channels

Question 19

Identify the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers.

Accepted Answer

Antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of calcium channels

Answer

Stimulation of guanylate cyclase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main therapeutic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Management of hypertension

Answer

Treatment of angina

Answer

Prevention of migraines

Answer

Relief of pain

Question 21

Identify a potential adverse effect associated with calcium channel blockers.

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Insomnia

Question 22

Which of the following describes the primary mechanism of action of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of urine output

Answer

Stimulation of the heart

Answer

Inhibition of platelet aggregation

Answer

Decrease in blood pressure

Question 23

Indicate the primary mechanism of action of statins.

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer

Stimulation of guanylate cyclase

Answer

Blockade of ACE

Answer

Activation of PPARs

Question 24

Identify a potential adverse effect associated with antiplatelet drugs.

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bleeding

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 25

Inotropes are used to enhance the heart's function. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of inotropes?

Accepted Answer

Increase in cardiac contractility

Answer

Decrease in heart rate

Answer

Blockade of ACE

Answer

Stimulation of guanylate cyclase