Master Physicochemical Properties of Drugs for Medicinal Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following physicochemical properties is primarily responsible for influencing the rate of drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Lipophilicity

Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Polarity

Answer

Ionization constant

Question 2

The partition coefficient of a drug between octanol and water primarily measures:

Accepted Answer

Lipophilicity

Answer

Polarity

Answer

Solubility

Answer

Melting point

Question 3

The lipophilicity of a drug is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Attraction to lipids

Answer

Attraction to water

Answer

Dissolution in organic solvents

Answer

Ionization constant

Question 4

Which of the following routes of drug administration results in the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Rectal

Question 5

Which of the following drugs is primarily eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Morphine

Question 6

A drug with poor water solubility and a high melting point would likely pose the greatest formulation challenge in terms of:

Accepted Answer

Achieving adequate oral absorption

Answer

Maintaining stability during storage

Answer

Overcoming difficulties with injection

Answer

Reducing the risk of side effects

Question 7

The pharmacokinetic parameter that describes the extent of drug distribution throughout the body is:

Accepted Answer

Distribution

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 8

Which of the following physicochemical properties is not directly related to drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Solubility

Answer

Lipophilicity

Answer

Ionization

Question 9

The process by which drugs undergo chemical transformations within the body is termed:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Elimination

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Question 10

The volume of distribution of a drug provides an indication of its:

Accepted Answer

Extent of drug distribution throughout the body

Answer

Drug concentration in the blood

Answer

Total amount of drug in the body

Answer

Rate of drug elimination

Question 11

A drug with a high clearance is more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be rapidly eliminated from the body

Answer

Have a long half-life

Answer

Have a small volume of distribution

Answer

Be extensively metabolized

Question 12

The partition coefficient primarily measures the:

Accepted Answer

Lipophilicity of a drug

Answer

Solubility of a drug in water

Answer

Ionization constant of a drug

Answer

Acidity of a drug

Question 13

Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for phase I drug metabolism reactions?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Answer

Glucuronyl transferases

Answer

Sulfotransferases

Answer

Acetyltransferases

Question 14

The primary route for drug excretion from the body is through:

Accepted Answer

Urine

Answer

Feces

Answer

Sweat

Answer

Lungs

Question 15

The octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) measures:

Accepted Answer

Drug's affinity for lipids

Answer

Drug's ionization constant

Answer

Drug's aqueous solubility

Answer

Drug's stability

Question 16

Which drug would likely have a low pKa value?

Accepted Answer

Salicylic acid

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Codeine

Answer

Metformin

Question 17

Which route of drug administration typically results in the fastest drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Transdermal

Question 18

The major metabolic pathway responsible for drug metabolism in the body is:

Accepted Answer

Phase I reactions

Answer

Phase II reactions

Answer

Phase III reactions

Answer

Phase IV reactions

Question 19

'Bioavailability' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation

Answer

The rate at which a drug is absorbed

Answer

The time to peak drug concentration

Answer

The duration of drug action

Question 20

A drug with a higher partition coefficient (log P) is more likely to be:

Accepted Answer

readily absorbed across biological membranes.

Answer

soluble in water.

Answer

potent in its therapeutic effect.

Answer

easily metabolized by the liver.

Question 21

Which of the following factors does NOT influence drug solubility?

Accepted Answer

Drug's color.

Answer

pH of the solution.

Answer

Polarity of the drug.

Answer

Temperature of the solution.

Question 22

A weak acid drug will be more readily absorbed in the:

Accepted Answer

stomach with a low pH.

Answer

kidneys with a basic pH.

Answer

intestine with a neutral pH.

Question 23

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the:

Accepted Answer

degree of ionization of a weak acid or base.

Answer

therapeutic index of a drug.

Answer

volume of distribution of a drug.

Answer

rate of drug metabolism.

Question 24

Which of the following modifications is LEAST likely to increase the water solubility of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Adding an additional hydrophobic alkyl chain.

Answer

Converting a neutral molecule to a salt.

Answer

Formulating a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the active drug.

Answer

Introducing an additional polar functional group.

Question 25

A drug with a high volume of distribution (Vd) is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

extensively distributed to tissues and organs.

Answer

mostly confined to the bloodstream.

Answer

less effective in treating its target condition.

Answer

rapidly eliminated by the kidneys.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a major route of drug elimination from the body?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion through the skin

Answer

Renal excretion.

Answer

Biliary excretion.

Answer

Hepatic metabolism

Question 27

A drug undergoing first-order kinetics will have a half-life that is:

Accepted Answer

constant regardless of the drug concentration.

Answer

dependent on the initial drug concentration.

Answer

increasing with decreasing drug concentration.

Answer

decreasing with increasing drug concentration.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the relationship between drug solubility and bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Drugs with poor solubility may have low bioavailability due to limited absorption.

Answer

Highly soluble drugs always have high bioavailability.

Answer

Solubility has no influence on drug bioavailability.

Question 29

A drug's pKa value is MOST directly related to its:

Accepted Answer

ionization state at a given pH.

Answer

rate of metabolism.

Answer

volume of distribution.