Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy: Master Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which antibiotic is the first-line empiric treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in female patients?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 2

A 65-year-old patient presents with a fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates. Which organism is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 3

Which antifungal agent is recommended as the first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis?

Accepted Answer

Caspofungin

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Itraconazole

Answer

Voriconazole

Question 4

Which antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Doxycycline

Question 5

Which test is considered the most sensitive for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in a patient with a recent history of tuberculosis exposure?

Accepted Answer

Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)

Answer

Tuberculin skin test (TST)

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Sputum culture

Question 6

Which antiviral agent is used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection?

Accepted Answer

Lamivudine

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Ganciclovir

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 7

Which medication is commonly used for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Dapsone

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Fluconazole

Question 8

Which virus among the following possesses a double-stranded DNA genome?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

HIV

Answer

Mumps virus

Question 9

Which antimicrobial agent is the primary choice for treating tuberculosis infections?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Meropenem

Question 10

Identify the significant risk factor associated with Clostridium difficile infections.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged antibiotic use

Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Question 11

Which of the following antibiotics is a carbapenem effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Accepted Answer

Imipenem

Answer

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Aztreonam

Question 12

Identify the common side effect associated with macrolide antibiotics.

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Neutropenia

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Rash

Question 13

Which feature accurately describes vancomycin?

Accepted Answer

Limited spectrum of activity

Answer

Bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria

Answer

Excellent bioavailability after oral administration

Answer

Good penetration into the central nervous system

Question 14

Identify the class of antiviral agents that prevents viral entry into host cells.

Accepted Answer

Fusion inhibitors

Answer

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer

Protease inhibitors

Question 15

Which complication is commonly associated with invasive fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer

Endocarditis

Answer

Osteomyelitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 16

Which of the following mechanisms of action is NOT characteristic of antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of immune response

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer

Disruption of cell membrane integrity

Answer

Interference with DNA replication

Question 17

What is the principal target site for antifungal agents?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall synthesis

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following factors poses the greatest risk for developing Clostridioides difficile infection?

Accepted Answer

Prior antibiotic use

Answer

Immunocompromised state

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Advanced age

Question 19

What is the predominant mechanism of resistance to penicillin in Staphylococci?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring

Answer

Efflux pumps

Answer

Target enzyme modification

Answer

Biofilm formation

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of action for antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of phagocytosis

Answer

Disruption of protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 21

A patient presents with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. Which of the following antibiotics would be the most appropriate initial treatment option?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim

Answer

Linezolid

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 22

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for the development of antimicrobial resistance?

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate use of antibiotics

Answer

Vaccination status

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Good hygiene practices

Question 23

Which of the following viruses is most commonly associated with the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Question 24

What is the recommended treatment approach for uncomplicated influenza in adults?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care, including rest, fluids, and over-the-counter analgesics

Answer

Hospitalization

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antiviral medications (such as oseltamivir or zanamivir), especially when initiated early in the course of illness.

Question 25

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

Hyphal growth

Answer

Gram-negative staining

Answer

Viral replication

Answer

Bacterial motility

Question 26

Which of the following antifungal agents is typically considered the drug of choice for treating severe systemic fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

Amphotericin B

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Itraconazole

Answer

Voriconazole