Energy Systems and Metabolism: Master the Science of Athletic Performance

Question 1

In high-intensity physical activities lasting less than 10 seconds, which energy system is primarily used?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

What is the primary fuel utilized by the glycolytic system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 3

What is the term for the cell's energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer

Creatine phosphate (CP)

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glucose

Question 4

Which muscle fiber type exhibits high power output and low fatigue resistance?

Accepted Answer

Fast-twitch glycolytic fibers

Answer

Slow-twitch fibers

Answer

Fast-twitch oxidative fibers

Answer

Intermediate fibers

Question 5

What physiological adaptation enhances endurance performance by increasing the muscles' ability to use oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Decreased muscle mass

Answer

Reduced mitochondrial volume

Answer

Lower enzyme activity

Question 6

Which method is commonly employed to measure energy expenditure during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry

Answer

Heart rate monitoring only

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer

Anthropometric measurements

Question 7

What physiological parameter represents the maximal rate at which the body can utilize oxygen during exercise?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Anaerobic threshold

Answer

Lactate threshold

Answer

Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

Question 8

The metabolic process of converting glycogen stored in muscles and liver into glucose is known as:

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Glucolysis

Question 9

During high-intensity exercise lasting for a few seconds, which energy system is primarily responsible for providing the necessary energy?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PCr system

Answer

Aerobic system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation system

Question 10

Which of the following consequences is associated with the accumulation of lactate during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle fatigue

Answer

Enhanced muscle performance

Answer

Reduced muscle oxygen consumption

Answer

Increased muscle glycogen storage

Question 11

What is the process called by which the body converts lactate back into glucose for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the breakdown of fat stored in adipose tissue during prolonged exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 13

Which metabolic pathway is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller molecules for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Beta-oxidation

Question 14

How does oxygen availability affect the efficiency of energy metabolism during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen availability enhances the efficiency of energy metabolism.

Answer

Oxygen availability diminishes the efficiency of energy metabolism.

Answer

Oxygen availability has no effect on the efficiency of energy metabolism.

Question 15

Explain how energy systems collaborate during physical exercise.

Accepted Answer

Energy systems form a continuum, with different systems becoming more or less dominant depending on exercise intensity.

Answer

Energy systems operate independently, with one system becoming active only when another is depleted.

Answer

The phosphagen system is primarily responsible for energy production during low-intensity exercise, lasting for a few seconds.

Answer

The aerobic system is the only energy system capable of producing ATP indefinitely, regardless of exercise intensity.

Question 16

Which energy system is the primary contributor to ATP production during the initial 10-15 seconds of high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Phosphocreatine system

Answer

Lipolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Question 17

Which substrate is primarily used by the glycolytic energy system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 18

What is the name of the metabolic pathway that converts pyruvate to lactate?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 19

Which energy system is most efficient in terms of ATP yield per unit of oxygen consumed?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Phosphocreatine system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Lipolytic system

Question 20

What is the physiological significance of the oxygen deficit?

Accepted Answer

Represents the amount of oxygen required to completely oxidize lactate produced during glycolysis.

Answer

Measures the amount of energy stored in phosphocreatine.

Answer

Indicates the maximal oxygen consumption capacity of an individual.

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT affect the rate of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

Muscle temperature

Answer

Muscle glycogen stores

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Hormonal stimulation

Question 22

What is the primary function of carnitine in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation.

Answer

Regulates the activity of glycolytic enzymes

Answer

Converts glucose to pyruvate

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of prolonged, high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced insulin sensitivity

Answer

Depleted muscle glycogen stores

Answer

Muscle damage