Definition and History of Psychology: Master the Foundations of the Human Mind

Question 1

Which of the following is a more recent perspective in psychology, not considered a historical major perspective?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 2

Structuralism, a major school of thought in early psychology, focused on:

Accepted Answer

Breaking down mental processes into their basic elements

Answer

Understanding the purpose and function of mental processes

Answer

Observing and recording overt behaviors

Answer

Exploring the role of unconscious processes in human behavior

Question 3

Which approach to psychology emphasizes the adaptive value of mental processes, studying how they help individuals survive and thrive in their environment?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Humanism

Question 4

B.F. Skinner, a prominent psychologist in the mid-20th century, is most closely associated with which psychological approach?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 5

The central concept of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory is:

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind

Answer

The importance of early childhood experiences

Answer

The influence of social factors on personality

Answer

The role of free will in shaping behavior

Question 6

Which perspective in psychology prioritizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the subjective experiences of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Humanism

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Social cognitive theory

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 7

The fundamental distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methods in psychology lies in:

Accepted Answer

Quantitative methods rely on numerical data, while qualitative methods use non-numerical data

Answer

Qualitative methods are more objective than quantitative methods

Answer

Quantitative methods are always more reliable than qualitative methods

Answer

There is no significant difference between quantitative and qualitative research methods

Question 8

Which principle is fundamental to the structuralist school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down mental processes into their basic elements

Answer

Uncovering unconscious conflicts that influence behavior

Answer

Exploring the functional purposes of mental processes

Question 9

Who is widely regarded as the father of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 10

Which perspective in psychology sought to understand the fundamental elements of the mind?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 11

Who introduced the concept of evolution to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 12

Which perspective emphasized the importance of unconscious processes in behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanism

Question 13

Who developed the idea of a hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 14

Which perspective emphasizes the importance of personal growth and subjective experience?

Accepted Answer

Humanism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 15

What is the primary method of research in behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Observation

Answer

Introspection

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 16

Which of the following is a key assumption of structuralism?

Accepted Answer

The mind is composed of basic elements.

Answer

Behavior is primarily learned through conditioning.

Answer

Unconscious processes drive behavior.

Question 17

Psychology emerged as a recognized scientific discipline in the

Accepted Answer

19th century

Answer

20th century

Answer

18th century

Answer

17th century

Question 18

Who is widely regarded as the 'father of psychology' who established the first psychological laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

William James

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

John B. Watson

Question 19

Structuralism, a pioneering perspective in psychology, focused on:

Accepted Answer

Analyzing conscious experience

Answer

Observing observable behavior

Answer

Exploring unconscious mental processes

Answer

Promoting individual growth and self-actualization

Question 20

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the adaptive functions of mental processes in our environment?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanism

Question 21

The theory that suggests our minds are shaped solely through experiences, without innate qualities, is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Humanism

Question 22

Which psychological perspective prioritizes self-fulfillment and personal growth as central to human nature?

Accepted Answer

Humanism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Structuralism

Question 23

In Freudian psychoanalysis, the 'id' is described as:

Accepted Answer

The unconscious, instinctual part of the mind

Answer

The rational, conscious part of the mind

Answer

The mediating part of the mind that balances the id and superego

Answer

The moral compass of the mind

Question 24

Who is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

William James

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Jung

Question 25

The concept of 'learned helplessness', where individuals feel a lack of control over their circumstances, is primarily associated with:

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Humanism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Question 26

Which perspective in psychology views the mind as a system that processes information, similar to a computer?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Humanism

Question 27

The biopsychosocial model in psychology emphasizes the interconnectedness of:

Accepted Answer

Biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors

Answer

Structural, functional, and behavioral factors

Answer

Unconscious, conscious, and preconscious factors