Types of Cells: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Students

Question 1

How does the size of a cell influence its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.

Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio increases.

Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio remains constant.

Answer

The surface area-to-volume ratio is not affected by cell size.

Question 2

Which component is not typically found in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 3

Which of the following structures is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which of the following is absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the glycosylation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 6

Absence of which feature is a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

Which type of microscopy allows for the observation of living cells without causing harm?

Accepted Answer

Phase-contrast microscopy

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Electron microscopy

Question 8

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Cellular waste degradation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid storage

Answer

Cell signaling

Question 9

Which cell type does not participate in the blood clotting process?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Endothelial cells

Question 10

What is the primary function of ribosomes within bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Creating proteins

Answer

Controlling cell division

Answer

Generating ATP

Question 11

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Composition of a peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer

Possession of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Presence of linear DNA

Answer

Absence of ribosomes

Question 12

Which cellular structure is responsible for carrying out protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

What type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Plant cell

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Conducting photosynthesis

Answer

Regulating the movement of substances across it

Answer

Providing structural support to the cell

Answer

Facilitating communication between cells

Question 15

How does the presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells contribute to their complexity and evolutionary success?

Accepted Answer

Organelles allow for specialized functions and more efficient metabolic reactions within the cell.

Answer

Organelles primarily provide structural support and protection for the cell.

Answer

Membrane-bound compartments are mainly used for storing waste products and toxins.

Answer

Compartmentalization reduces the overall surface area of eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

What organelle within eukaryotic cells is the primary site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following cell components is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

Which of the following organelles is found exclusively in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 20

Which of the following is a type of transport protein that allows the selective passage of ions across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ion channel

Answer

Phospholipid

Answer

Lipoprotein

Answer

Glycoprotein

Question 21

Which of the following is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 22

Which of the following types of cell division results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Answer

Meiosis

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Contact inhibition

Answer

Differentiation

Question 24

Which of the following is a type of molecule that transmits signals between cells?

Accepted Answer

Hormone

Answer

Antibody

Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Vitamin

Question 25

Which of the following is a technique used to visualize the detailed structure of cells?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Immunohistochemistry