Glandular Epithelium: Structure, Function, and Classification

Question 1

Which of the following statements about glandular epithelium is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts or onto body surfaces.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.

Answer

Glandular epithelium is exclusively present in endocrine glands.

Answer

All glandular epithelium consists solely of simple cuboidal cells.

Question 2

What is a defining characteristic of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They have ducts that transport their secretions.

Answer

They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Answer

They are only found in the digestive system.

Answer

They produce enzymes.

Question 3

What is the primary role of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulate body processes through hormone secretion

Answer

Release hormones into ducts

Answer

Produce enzymes for digestion

Answer

Secrete mucus for lubrication

Question 4

Which of the following accurately describes a clinical manifestation of glandular epithelium dysfunction and its associated disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) can result from excessive secretion due to glandular epithelium hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Accepted Answer

Atrophic gastritis is characterized by decreased secretion due to glandular epithelium atrophy and degeneration.

Accepted Answer

Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition, exemplifies glandular epithelium metaplasia.

Answer

Dysplasia of glandular epithelium, marked by cellular atypia, is a benign condition.

Question 5

Which structural feature primarily differentiates exocrine glands from endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands have ducts, while endocrine glands do not.

Answer

Exocrine glands are simple, while endocrine glands are compound.

Answer

Exocrine glands are near the body's surface, while endocrine glands are deep within.

Answer

Exocrine glands produce hormones, while endocrine glands produce enzymes.

Question 6

Which of the following classifies the glandular epithelium based on the number of cells involved in secretion?

Accepted Answer

Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Answer

Exocrine vs. Endocrine

Answer

Simple vs. Compound

Answer

Mucous vs. Serous

Question 7

Which of the following describes holocrine secretion? Provide an example of a gland that employs this mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of secretory products in the apical cytoplasm, leading to cell rupture and secretion release.

Answer

Secretion release through a ductal system connected to the gland.

Answer

Diffusion of secretory products across the glandular cell's plasma membrane.

Answer

Synthesis and storage of secretory products within the glandular cell's nucleus.

Question 8

Which of the following structures represents the functional unit of an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Acini

Answer

Islets of Langerhans

Answer

Follicles

Answer

Cords

Question 9

Identify the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex:

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 10

Indicate the type of secretion associated with apocrine glands:

Accepted Answer

Apocrine secretion

Answer

Merocrine secretion

Answer

Holocrine secretion

Answer

Endocrine secretion

Question 11

Identify the hormone involved in regulating glucose levels in the blood:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 12

Select the primary function of the thyroid gland:

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Bile storage

Answer

Protein digestion

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Question 14

What is the function of the goblet cells found in the epithelium of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secrete mucus to protect the intestinal lining

Answer

Absorb nutrients from digested food

Answer

Produce enzymes to break down food

Answer

Regulate fluid balance in the body

Question 15

Which hormone is primarily produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 16

What is the distinguishing characteristic of apocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete products that accumulate in the cytoplasm before release

Answer

Secrete products that are stored in vesicles within the cell

Answer

Release products directly through the cell membrane without rupturing the cell

Answer

Have a continuous secretory cycle without distinct phases

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of the endocrine pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Produces enzymes for digestion

Answer

Consists primarily of acinar cells

Answer

Has a ductal system for transporting secretions

Question 18

What is the name of the membrane-bound structure that stores hormones in endocrine cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretory vesicle

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

How do serous and mucous cells differ in terms of their secretions?

Accepted Answer

Serous cells secrete thin, watery fluids while mucous cells secrete thick, viscous fluids

Answer

Mucous cells secrete thin, watery fluids while serous cells secrete thick, viscous fluids

Answer

Serous cells secrete proteins while mucous cells secrete carbohydrates

Answer

Mucous cells secrete proteins while serous cells secrete carbohydrates

Question 20

Glandular epithelium is characterized by its ability to synthesize and secrete substances. Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of glandular epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Presence of secretory cells

Answer

Simple squamous shape

Answer

Presence of tight junctions

Answer

Absence of a basement membrane

Question 21

Glandular epithelium can perform various functions. Which of the following is NOT a function of glandular epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Answer

Release of enzymes

Answer

Production of mucus

Answer

Secretion of hormones

Question 22

Glands are classified into exocrine and endocrine based on their mode of secretion. Which of the following is a characteristic of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Release secretions onto a surface through a duct

Answer

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Have a simple cuboidal shape

Answer

Produce only enzymes

Question 23

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Which of the following is a characteristic of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Absence of ducts

Answer

Localized effects of secretions

Answer

Presence of ducts

Answer

Secretion onto epithelial surfaces

Question 24

Goblet cells are unicellular glands found in the lining of the respiratory and intestinal tracts. What type of secretion do they primarily release?

Accepted Answer

Mucin

Answer

Sweat

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Hormones

Question 25

The pancreas is a unique gland because it exhibits both exocrine and endocrine functions. Which of the following is the primary exocrine secretion of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes involved in digestion

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 26

A patient presents with excessive sweating, even in cool temperatures. Which type of gland is most likely overactive in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer

Sebaceous glands

Answer

Mammary glands

Answer

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 27

Which of the following histological features is characteristic of endocrine glands that secrete steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Numerous secretory granules

Answer

Well-developed Golgi apparatus

Question 28

Acinar cells are found in which type of gland, and what is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands, enzyme secretion

Answer

Endocrine glands, hormone secretion

Answer

Endocrine glands, neurotransmitter release

Answer

Exocrine glands, mucus secretion