Flow Cytometry: Principles and Applications in Immunology

Question 1

What is the primary function of a forward scatter (FSC) detector in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Measuring cell size and granularity

Answer

Detecting fluorescence intensity

Answer

Sorting cells based on their electrical properties

Answer

Amplifying electrical signals

Question 2

What is the purpose of a compensation control in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Correcting for spectral overlap between different fluorescent dyes

Answer

Setting the voltage of detectors

Answer

Calibrating the flow rate

Answer

Measuring background fluorescence

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a primary application of flow cytometry in immunology research?

Accepted Answer

Studying gene expression

Answer

Characterizing cell surface markers

Answer

Sorting specific cell populations

Answer

Analyzing protein-protein interactions

Question 4

Which type of fluorochrome is commonly used for surface marker staining in flow cytometry experiments?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)

Answer

4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)

Answer

Propidium iodide (PI)

Answer

RNA probes

Question 5

Which type of cell sorter is commonly employed in immunology research?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)

Answer

Magnetic-activated cell sorter (MACS)

Answer

Laser-activated cell sorter (LACS)

Answer

Electrostatic cell sorter (ECS)

Question 6

Which fundamental principle underlies flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Analysis of individual cells based on their physical and chemical properties

Answer

Bulk analysis of cell populations

Answer

Detection of specific cell types using antibodies

Answer

Measurement of protein expression levels

Question 7

In flow cytometry, which type of laser is commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Argon laser

Answer

Helium-neon laser

Answer

Carbon dioxide laser

Answer

Excimer laser

Question 8

Which of the following parameters cannot be assessed using flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular pH

Answer

Cell size

Answer

Granularity

Answer

Apoptosis

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of utilizing fluorescent markers in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Identification of specific cell surface markers

Answer

Quantification of protein expression levels

Answer

Tracking of cell movement

Answer

Induction of cell differentiation

Question 10

Which cell sorting technique relies on the separation of cells based on their electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Dielectrophoresis

Answer

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)

Answer

Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS)

Answer

Percoll density gradient centrifugation

Question 11

What is the primary function of the forward scatter detector in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Measure cell size

Answer

Detect cell surface markers

Answer

Sort cells based on size

Answer

Analyze cell viability

Question 12

Which antibody staining technique is used to detect intracellular antigens in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular staining

Answer

Direct staining

Answer

Indirect staining

Answer

Fixation and permeabilization

Question 13

What is the principle behind cell sorting using flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Answer

Magnetic bead separation

Answer

Electrical charge separation

Answer

Density gradient centrifugation

Question 14

Which cell population would exhibit a high CD4+ cell count in flow cytometry analysis?

Accepted Answer

T helper cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 15

What is the role of compensation controls in flow cytometry data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Correct for spectral overlap between fluorochromes

Answer

Normalize fluorescence intensities

Answer

Identify cell subpopulations

Answer

Calibrate the flow cytometer

Question 16

Which software is commonly used for flow cytometry data analysis?

Accepted Answer

FlowJo

Answer

Microsoft Excel

Answer

GraphPad Prism

Answer

ImageJ

Question 17

What is the main application of flow cytometry in immunology?

Accepted Answer

Immunophenotyping

Answer

Viral load quantification

Answer

Gene expression analysis

Answer

Cytokine profiling

Question 18

Which component is NOT found in a flow cytometer?

Accepted Answer

Centrifuge

Answer

Photomultiplier tube

Answer

Fluidic system

Answer

Laser

Question 19

What is the primary role of the sheath fluid in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

To carry cells through the laser beam

Answer

To stain cells

Answer

To lyse cells

Answer

To excite fluorophores

Question 20

Which detector is used in flow cytometry to measure light emission from cells?

Accepted Answer

Photomultiplier tube

Answer

Avalanche photodiode

Answer

Boltzmann detector

Answer

Charge-coupled device (CCD)

Question 21

Which cell surface marker is commonly used to identify B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

CD19

Answer

CD3

Answer

IgM

Answer

HLA-DR

Question 22

How do forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) differ in their measurements of cells?

Accepted Answer

FSC measures cell size, while SSC measures cell granularity

Answer

FSC measures cell granularity, while SSC measures cell size

Answer

Both FSC and SSC measure cell size

Question 23

Which staining method allows for the detection of intracellular proteins by flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Permeabilization and fixation

Answer

Indirect labeling

Answer

Immunoelectron microscopy

Answer

Direct labeling

Question 24

What is the main application of cell sorting by flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

Isolation of specific cell populations

Answer

Cell size analysis

Answer

Cell counting

Answer

Cell cycle analysis

Question 25

What is the purpose of using monoclonal antibodies in flow cytometry?

Accepted Answer

To bind specifically to cell surface markers

Answer

To detect intracellular proteins

Answer

To sort cells based on size

Answer

To amplify intracellular signals