Inflammation and the Complement System: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which pro-inflammatory cytokine is crucial for initiating and amplifying the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Immunoglobulin G

Answer

Transforming growth factor-beta

Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 2

Which of the following is a pro-inflammatory cytokine?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Immunoglobulin M

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Question 3

What is the main function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Recognition and opsonization of pathogens

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Regulation of immune responses

Answer

Killing of infected cells

Question 4

Which complement protein forms the membrane attack complex?

Accepted Answer

C9

Answer

C3a

Answer

C5a

Answer

C6

Question 5

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Question 6

Which cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of immune complexes?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 7

What is the primary role of chemokines in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection

Answer

Activation of complement system

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Killing of pathogens

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Opsonization

Answer

Chemotaxis

Answer

Cell lysis

Question 9

Which cytokine is a key mediator of inflammation, promoting neutrophil recruitment and activation?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Answer

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Answer

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)

Question 10

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing chemokines in response to tissue injury or infection?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Dendritic cells

Answer

Eosinophils

Question 11

Which is the primary function of the complement system's classical pathway?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization of pathogens for phagocytosis

Answer

Activation of the alternative pathway

Answer

Lysis of bacterial cell membranes

Answer

Generation of anaphylatoxins

Question 12

Which protein initiates activation of the alternative complement pathway?

Accepted Answer

Factor B

Answer

C3

Answer

C5

Answer

C1q

Question 13

Which molecule generated by the complement system is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator?

Accepted Answer

C5a

Answer

C3a

Answer

C7

Answer

C9

Question 14

Which condition is characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response, often leading to tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Allergies

Question 15

Which drug is commonly used to inhibit the inflammatory response by blocking the action of cytokines?

Accepted Answer

Prednisolone

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Salbutamol

Question 16

Which is a key difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive responses have memory, while innate responses do not.

Answer

Innate responses are specific to individual pathogens, while adaptive responses are more generalized.

Answer

Innate responses are mediated by antibodies, while adaptive responses are mediated by phagocytes.

Answer

Adaptive responses are faster to react to infections than innate responses.

Question 17

How has our understanding of the complement system evolved over time?

Accepted Answer

From a serum factor to a complex protein network

Answer

From the complement cascade to individual proteins

Answer

From adaptive immunity to innate immunity

Question 18

What is the primary role of cytokines in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

To regulate leukocyte recruitment and activation

Answer

Neutralize pathogens directly

Answer

Promote tissue repair

Answer

Enhance phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 19

Which cell type is the primary source of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T cells

Answer

Epithelial cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 20

What is the primary function of the complement component C5a?

Accepted Answer

Induces chemotaxis and degranulation of neutrophils

Answer

Forms the membrane attack complex (MAC)

Answer

Opsonizes pathogens for phagocytosis

Question 21

Which of the following is a characteristic of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Express addressins that bind to lymphocytes

Answer

Are only found in Peyer's patches

Answer

Secrete chemokines that attract neutrophils

Answer

Have thick, muscular walls

Question 22

What is the primary mechanism by which neutrophils kill extracellular bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Answer

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Answer

Complement-mediated lysis

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Rapid onset

Answer

Tissue destruction

Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 24

What is the primary role of prostaglandins in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Induce vasodilation and pain

Answer

Enhance phagocytosis

Answer

Inhibit leukocyte migration

Answer

Promote tissue repair

Question 25

What is the primary function of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Accepted Answer

To form pores in bacterial membranes, leading to cell lysis

Answer

To activate the alternative complement pathway

Answer

To opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis