Gene Regulation: Master the Mechanisms of Gene Control

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of gene repression?

Accepted Answer

Decreased mRNA production

Answer

Increased protein production

Answer

Activation of transcription

Answer

Inhibition of translation

Question 2

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) primarily regulate which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Protein degradation

Answer

DNA replication

Question 3

Which of the following is a key distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack introns, while eukaryotes have introns

Answer

Eukaryotes have more complex transcriptional activators than prokaryotes

Answer

Prokaryotes exclusively use riboswitches for gene regulation

Answer

Eukaryotes lack post-transcriptional modifications

Question 4

What is the function of enhancers in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Promoting transcription

Answer

Repressing transcription

Answer

Enhancing translation

Answer

Inhibiting DNA replication

Question 5

What is the primary role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating translation initiation in prokaryotes

Answer

Initiating transcription

Answer

Promoting RNA stability

Answer

Terminating polypeptide synthesis

Question 6

How does chromatin remodeling affect gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Modifies DNA accessibility for transcription factors

Answer

Changes DNA methylation patterns

Answer

Blocks translation initiation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a known mechanism of transcriptional control?

Accepted Answer

microRNA interference

Answer

Enhancer binding

Answer

Promoter methylation

Answer

Chromatin remodeling

Question 8

Which protein is responsible for binding RNA polymerase to the promoter?

Accepted Answer

TATA-binding protein (TBP)

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

Sigma factor

Answer

Histone deacetylase

Question 9

What is the primary role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of translation

Answer

Activation of transcription

Answer

Cleavage of mRNA

Answer

Phosphorylation of proteins

Question 10

Which of the following histone modifications is strongly associated with gene activation?

Accepted Answer

Acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac)

Answer

Methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me)

Answer

Phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph)

Answer

Ubiquitination of lysine 120 on histone H2B (H2BK120ub)

Question 11

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to investigate gene expression in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Microarray

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Mass spectrometry

Question 12

Explain the fundamental difference between constitutive and inducible gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Constitutive expression is expressed at a constant level, while inducible expression is expressed only in response to specific stimuli.

Answer

Constitutive expression is regulated by environmental cues, while inducible expression is not.

Answer

Inducible expression is regulated by environmental cues, while constitutive expression is not.

Answer

Inducible expression is expressed at a constant level, while constitutive expression is expressed only in response to specific stimuli.

Question 13

Which of the following transcription factors plays a critical role in embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Oct4

Answer

p53

Answer

c-Myc

Answer

NF-κB

Question 14

Describe the significance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gene regulation.

Accepted Answer

They act as regulatory molecules involved in various cellular processes.

Answer

They encode for structural proteins.

Answer

They are involved in protein synthesis.

Answer

They have no known function in the cell.

Question 15

Define the concept of epigenetics in relation to gene regulation.

Accepted Answer

It refers to heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence.

Answer

It describes the process of DNA methylation.

Answer

It is the study of how environmental factors can affect gene expression.

Answer

It is a new field of biology that has yet to be fully defined.

Question 16

Which of the following transcription factors is a key regulator of gene expression in embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Oct4

Answer

p53

Answer

c-Myc

Answer

NF-κB

Question 17

Which of the following regulatory elements is typically found upstream of a gene's promoter in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Enhancer

Answer

Silincer

Answer

Insulator

Answer

Terminator

Question 18

How does DNA methylation generally affect gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Promotes gene silencing

Answer

Enhances gene activation

Answer

Has no effect on gene expression

Answer

Increases translation efficiency

Question 19

What is the process by which multiple protein isoforms can be generated from a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Differential RNA processing

Answer

Differential transcription initiation

Answer

Differential translation

Answer

Differential protein modification

Question 20

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA methylase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Histone deacetylase

Answer

Protein kinase

Question 21

Which enzyme plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the transcription of DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 22

Which genomic element serves as a docking site for transcription factors, influencing gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Exon

Answer

Enhancer

Question 23

Which epigenetic modification regulates gene expression by altering chromatin structure?

Accepted Answer

Histone acetylation

Answer

RNAi

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 24

What is the process by which cells suppress gene expression without altering the DNA sequence referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Gene silencing

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Mutation

Question 25

Which mechanism plays a role in regulating protein synthesis at the level of translation?

Accepted Answer

MicroRNA binding

Answer

Histone modification

Answer

DNA methylation

Answer

Promoter binding

Question 26

Name the cellular structure responsible for initiating protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Proteasome

Answer

Polysome

Answer

Spliceosome

Question 27

Which type of RNA molecules influence gene expression by affecting the stability of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

miRNAs

Answer

snRNAs

Answer

tRNAs

Answer

rRNAs

Question 28

What is the term for the regulatory mechanism employed by bacteria to adjust gene expression based on environmental cues?

Accepted Answer

Operon regulation

Answer

Post-translational regulation

Answer

MicroRNA regulation

Answer

Epigenetic regulation

Question 29

Which experimental technique allows researchers to analyze gene expression patterns on a comprehensive scale?

Accepted Answer

RNA sequencing

Answer

Protein sequencing

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Question 30

Why is gene regulation crucial for cellular function?

Accepted Answer

It enables cells to respond to their environment and maintain appropriate cell identity.

Answer

It prevents harmful mutations from accumulating in the genome.

Answer

It ensures uniform expression of all genes.