Renal Pathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Kidney Diseases

Question 1

Which type of pyelonephritis is characterized by the presence of pus in the urine?

Accepted Answer

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer

Chronic pyelonephritis

Answer

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Answer

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common cause of renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Question 3

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common type of glomerular disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Question 5

Compare the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings associated with acute and chronic pyelonephritis.

Accepted Answer

Acute pyelonephritis: Fever, flank pain, dysuria; Chronic pyelonephritis: Hypertension, proteinuria, anemia

Answer

Acute pyelonephritis: Proteinuria, hypertension, hematuria; Chronic pyelonephritis: Fever, flank pain, dysuria

Answer

Acute pyelonephritis: Hypertension, anemia, hematuria; Chronic pyelonephritis: Proteinuria, fever, flank pain

Question 6

Explain the circumstances in which a renal biopsy is indicated, how its findings are interpreted, and its significance in the diagnosis and management of kidney diseases.

Accepted Answer

Renal biopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis in most cases of glomerulonephritis, guiding appropriate treatment decisions.

Answer

Renal biopsy is routinely performed on all patients with proteinuria.

Answer

Renal biopsy has no role in the management of kidney diseases.

Answer

Renal biopsy is a completely risk-free procedure.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer

Viral upper respiratory tract infection

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 8

Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by the presence of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Goodpasture's syndrome

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 9

What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Clear cell carcinoma

Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Answer

Chromophobe carcinoma

Answer

Collecting duct carcinoma

Question 10

What is the gold standard for diagnosing renal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Imaging

Answer

Urine cytology

Answer

Blood tests

Question 11

In healthy women, which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Minimal change disease

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

Question 14

Which of the following glomerular diseases is characterized by the presence of crescents and is often associated with rapidly progressive renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Crescentic glomerulonephritis

Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Answer

Minimal change disease

Question 15

Which of the following causes of acute tubular necrosis is a direct insult to tubular epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Ischemia

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 16

Which of the following histological changes is diagnostic of pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration of renal parenchyma

Answer

Glomerular crescents

Answer

Tubular casts

Answer

Mesangial proliferation

Question 17

Which of the following histological features is characteristic of renal amyloidosis?

Accepted Answer

Congo red staining of glomeruli

Answer

Electron-dense deposits in tubular basement membranes

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration of interstitium

Answer

Immunofluorescence for IgA

Question 18

Which of the following renal diseases is characterized by the formation of granulomas within the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Answer

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Lupus nephritis

Question 19

Which of the following types of renal carcinoma is the most common?

Accepted Answer

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Papillary renal cell carcinoma

Question 20

A 25-year-old male presents with blood in his urine (hematuria), protein in his urine (proteinuria), and high blood pressure (hypertension). A kidney biopsy reveals widespread inflammation and damage within the filtering units of the kidney (glomeruli), with crescent-shaped structures. What is the most likely underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 21

A 65-year-old woman with a history of diabetes presents with swelling (edema), fatigue, and reduced urine output (oliguria). Her blood tests show elevated creatinine and urea levels, indicating kidney function decline. What is the most likely underlying cause of her kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Question 22

A 20-year-old male experiences repeated episodes of visible blood in his urine (gross hematuria). A kidney biopsy reveals IgA deposits in the mesangium, a part of the glomeruli. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Question 23

A 40-year-old woman presents with fever, pain in the side (flank pain), and painful urination (dysuria). A urine culture reveals the presence of *Escherichia coli*. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer

Chronic pyelonephritis

Answer

Acute cystitis

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Question 24

A 50-year-old male experiences sudden onset of severe pain in the side (flank pain), blood in his urine (hematuria), and reduced urine output (oliguria). He has a history of kidney stones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute renal colic

Answer

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of long-term kidney damage (chronic kidney disease)?

Accepted Answer

Acute cystitis

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 26

A 70-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer experiences gradual worsening of kidney function (progressive renal failure). What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive uropathy

Answer

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 27

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cancer of the kidney (renal cell carcinoma)?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hypertension