Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which hormone plays the main role in controlling water reabsorption by the kidneys to maintain fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 3

Which part of the nephron is responsible for most fluid reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Proximal tubule

Answer

Loop of Henle

Answer

Distal tubule

Answer

Collecting duct

Question 4

What is the medical term for the condition in which the body loses excessive amounts of fluid and electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Edema

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 5

Which of the following drugs is a potent diuretic that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 6

How does aldosterone regulate sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates sodium-potassium pumps

Answer

Inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchangers

Answer

Activates chloride channels

Answer

Inhibits water channels

Question 7

Which hormone primarily promotes water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

Which mechanism is NOT involved in regulating sodium balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

Which ion is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid osmolality?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Chloride

Answer

Bicarbonate

Question 10

Which function is NOT carried out by the kidneys in fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Filtering blood

Answer

Reabsorbing water

Answer

Secreting electrolytes

Question 11

Which hormone inhibits sodium reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

Which hormone is involved in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus conserving water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer

Renin

Question 14

What is the primary function of the loop of Henle in the kidney in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla

Answer

Filtration of waste products from the blood

Answer

Secretion of potassium ions into the urine

Answer

Maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Paresthesia (numbness and tingling)

Question 16

What is the role of the thirst mechanism in maintaining fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Increases water intake

Answer

Stimulates the release of ADH

Answer

Promotes sodium excretion

Answer

Dilutes the urine

Question 17

What is the clinical term for a condition characterized by excessive urination?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Anuria

Answer

Dysuria

Question 18

A patient presents with severe dehydration. Which of the following physiological responses would be expected as the body attempts to restore fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Increased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Increased excretion of sodium in urine

Answer

Decreased release of aldosterone

Answer

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 19

A patient with severe diarrhea is at risk of developing which of the following electrolyte imbalances due to excessive fluid loss?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for regulating extracellular fluid volume in the body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium excretion by the kidneys

Answer

Blood pressure regulation

Answer

Water intake

Answer

Hormonal regulation of thirst

Question 21

A patient with a high serum potassium level (hyperkalemia) is at risk of developing which of the following life-threatening conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 22

Which of the following hormones primarily regulates sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, thereby influencing fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer

ADH

Answer

Renin

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure and sodium reabsorption

Answer

Control of potassium excretion

Answer

Stimulation of thirst

Question 24

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role of the thirst mechanism in regulating fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

It primarily responds to changes in plasma osmolality

Answer

It is solely regulated by hormonal signals

Answer

It is triggered by a decrease in blood volume