Immunological Disorders: Interactive Quizzes for Physiology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of immunological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Question 2

Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Immune response directed against the body's own components

Answer

Inflammation without an identifiable cause

Answer

Increased vulnerability to infections

Question 3

Why is stem cell therapy considered a potential treatment for severe immunodeficiency diseases?

Accepted Answer

To restore and improve the function of immune cells

Answer

To solely trigger the production of new immune cells

Answer

To reduce an overactive immune response

Answer

To directly prevent infections

Question 4

In autoimmune disorders, what is the primary function of dysregulated B cells?

Accepted Answer

Produce autoantibodies that attack the body's own tissues

Answer

Fail to produce antibodies against pathogens, increasing infection risk

Answer

Produce excessive regulatory T cells, suppressing the immune response

Answer

Exhibit enhanced phagocytic activity, destroying immune cells

Question 5

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

May not cause clinical symptoms

Answer

Immediate onset

Answer

Mediated by IgE antibodies

Answer

Involves degranulation of mast cells

Question 6

Which of the following is a common immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections due to impaired antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Question 7

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T cells

Question 8

Which of the following cytokines is a key mediator of the inflammatory response and is produced by activated macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Answer

Interleukin-10

Question 9

What is the molecular basis of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system?

Accepted Answer

Polymorphism of cell surface proteins encoded by highly polymorphic genes

Answer

Variation in the number of HLA genes

Answer

Differences in HLA gene expression

Answer

Post-translational modifications of HLA proteins

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of hypersensitivity reaction as per the Gell and Coombs classification?

Accepted Answer

Type V

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 11

Which of the following mechanisms plays a central role in initiating allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Production of IgE antibodies

Answer

Activation of the complement cascade

Answer

Release of histamine and leukotrienes

Answer

Impairment of phagocytic activity

Question 12

Which autoimmune disease primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation and damage?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 13

Which type of immune cell is crucial for mediating cellular immunity, targeting intracellular pathogens?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 14

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by antibody-mediated activation of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type IV

Question 15

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in human serum and plays a critical role in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgE

Question 16

Which cytokine is known as a central mediator of inflammation in autoimmune diseases, promoting immune cell activation and tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interleukin-4

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical manifestation of common variable immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Recurrent respiratory infections

Answer

Gastrointestinal disorders

Answer

Autoimmune diseases

Question 18

Autoimmune thyroiditis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type IV

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a primary immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

Which of the following cytokines is a primary mediator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating inflammation

Answer

Inhibiting T cell activation

Answer

Depleting B cells

Answer

Blocking cytokine production

Question 22

A young child presents with recurrent respiratory infections, persistent diarrhea, and failure to gain weight. These symptoms are most suggestive of which immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Question 23

A 25-year-old female experiences fatigue, joint pain, and a rash following a recent viral infection. Which immunological mechanism is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Molecular mimicry

Answer

Complement deficiency

Answer

Immune complex deposition

Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 24

A patient with a history of asthma develops bronchospasm after inhaling pollen. Which mediator is primarily responsible for this immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Interleukin-10

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in antibody production

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Presence of autoantibodies

Answer

Immune-mediated tissue damage

Question 26

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across their face. What is the primary cause of this rash?

Accepted Answer

Immune complex deposition in the skin

Answer

A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction

Answer

Increased mast cell degranulation

Answer

Direct attack by cytotoxic T cells on skin cells

Question 27

Methotrexate is a common treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What is its primary mechanism of action in this context?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of T cell proliferation

Answer

Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Answer

Blockage of IgE antibody production

Answer

Suppression of complement activation

Question 28

What is a common characteristic shared by both autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency disorders?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of normal immune function

Answer

Increased production of IgE antibodies

Answer

Increased susceptibility to only viral infections

Answer

Excessive activation of the complement cascade

Question 29

A person with a known shellfish allergy experiences a severe, systemic allergic reaction after accidentally ingesting shellfish. What is the medical term for this type of reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Arthus reaction

Answer

Serum sickness

Answer

Contact dermatitis

Question 30

Which immune cell plays a central role in the development of allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells

Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 31

Why are patients with HIV infection highly susceptible to opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

Depletion of CD4+ T cells

Answer

Deficiency in natural killer (NK) cell activity

Answer

Chronic, excessive complement activation

Answer

Overproduction of non-functional antibodies