Data Analysis Learning Quizzes for Medical Students

Question 1

In hypothesis testing, what type of error occurs when the researcher fails to reject a false null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Type II error

Answer

Type I error

Answer

Sampling error

Answer

Measurement error

Question 2

Which measure of central tendency is not affected by outliers?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 3

A study with a sample size of 100 has a population mean of 50 and a sample mean of 52. What is the standard error of the mean?

Accepted Answer

0.2

Answer

0.5

Answer

1.0

Answer

2.0

Question 4

To compare the mean age of two groups of patients, which statistical test should be used?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

Chi-squared test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 5

What does it mean when a study reports a statistically significant difference but a small effect size?

Accepted Answer

The difference is not practically meaningful.

Answer

The sample size is too large.

Answer

The data is not normally distributed.

Answer

The researchers made an error in their analysis.

Question 6

Which type of data visualization is best suited for displaying trends over time?

Accepted Answer

Line graph

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Scatter plot

Answer

Histogram

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a testable prediction

Answer

To guide data collection

Answer

To confirm a research question

Answer

To summarize the findings of a study

Question 8

What is the primary goal of hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

To determine if there is a statistically significant difference between two or more groups.

Answer

To describe the characteristics of a population.

Answer

To make predictions about future events.

Answer

To explain the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 9

Which data visualization technique is most suitable for comparing the distributions of two continuous variables?

Accepted Answer

Scatterplot

Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Pie chart

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

Regression coefficient

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

Kendall's tau correlation coefficient

Question 11

Which of the following is not considered a type of bias?

Accepted Answer

Sampling error

Answer

Selection bias

Answer

Information bias

Answer

Confounding bias

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency used to describe the typical value of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 13

Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency often used to analyze data?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Question 14

The null hypothesis in statistical testing generally states that there is:

Accepted Answer

No statistically significant difference

Answer

A small statistically significant difference

Answer

A large statistically significant difference

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of statistical test used to make inferences about a population?

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis

Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 16

Which of the following is a graphical representation of data often used to visualize distributions?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Variance

Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 17

The primary goal of descriptive statistics is to:

Accepted Answer

Summarize and describe the characteristics of data

Answer

Test hypotheses about populations

Answer

Make inferences about populations using samples

Answer

Predict future events

Question 18

A study investigates the effectiveness of a new drug in lowering blood pressure. Which statistical test is most appropriate for comparing the mean blood pressure of the treatment group to the control group?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

Paired samples t-test

Answer

Correlation analysis

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 19

What does a p-value of 0.02 indicate in hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

There is a 2% chance of observing the obtained results, or more extreme results, if the null hypothesis is true.

Answer

The null hypothesis is true.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Question 21

A researcher wants to visually display the relationship between age and blood pressure. Which type of graph is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Scatter plot

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Pie chart

Answer

Bar chart

Question 22

What does a large confidence interval suggest about the estimated population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The estimate is less precise.

Answer

The sample size is large.

Answer

The sample size is small.

Answer

The estimate is more precise.

Question 23

A study found a correlation coefficient of 0.85 between hours of exercise per week and cardiovascular fitness. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong positive correlation between exercise and cardiovascular fitness.

Answer

Exercise causes improved cardiovascular fitness.

Answer

Improved cardiovascular fitness leads to more exercise.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of ordinal data?

Accepted Answer

Cancer stages (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III)

Answer

Body temperature in Celsius

Answer

Blood pressure readings

Answer

Number of patients admitted to a hospital

Question 25

What is the purpose of a control group in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

To provide a baseline for comparison with the treatment group

Answer

To receive a placebo treatment

Answer

To increase the sample size of the study

Question 26

Which statistical test is used to examine differences in proportions between two categorical variables?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Paired samples t-test

Question 27

What type of error occurs when a study rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true?

Accepted Answer

Type I error

Answer

Measurement error

Answer

Sampling error

Answer

Type II error