Peripheral Nervous System: Structure and Function Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Processing complex cognitive functions

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Question 2

The somatic nervous system is primarily responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Answer

Involuntary control of internal organs

Answer

Regulation of heart rate

Answer

Stimulation of glandular secretions

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Decreased blood pressure

Answer

Stimulation of digestion

Answer

Constriction of pupils

Question 4

The vagus nerve is part of which division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Somatic

Answer

Enteric

Question 5

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Question 6

The myelin sheath serves which primary function?

Accepted Answer

Electrical insulation of the axon

Answer

Transmission of electrical signals

Answer

Production of neurotransmitters

Answer

Reception of sensory stimuli

Question 7

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit signals across synaptic clefts

Answer

To generate electrical signals in neurons

Answer

To insulate nerve fibres

Answer

To regulate blood glucose levels

Question 8

Which of the following is a common diagnostic tool used to assess peripheral nerve function?

Accepted Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Lumbar puncture

Question 9

What is the main function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Production of the myelin sheath

Answer

Transmission of nerve impulses

Answer

Release of neurotransmitters

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 11

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the body's 'rest-and-digest' response?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 12

Which type of nerve fiber carries motor signals away from the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Efferent nerve fibers

Answer

Afferent nerve fibers

Answer

Interneurons

Answer

Neurons

Question 13

The myelin sheath insulates axons in the PNS. Which of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Slows down the speed of nerve impulses

Answer

Protects the axon

Answer

Insulates the axon

Answer

Increases the efficiency of nerve impulse transmission

Question 14

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting taste sensations from the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 15

The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the human body. Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the sciatic nerve?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 16

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty breathing

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Numbness and tingling

Answer

Blurred vision

Question 17

The autonomic nervous system innervates internal organs and glands. Which of the following is an effect of sympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Decreased blood pressure

Answer

Increased salivation

Answer

Constriction of pupils

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of sensory receptor that detects pain?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptor

Answer

Thermoreceptor

Answer

Photoreceptor

Answer

Chemoreceptor

Question 19

The peripheral nervous system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Which of the following is NOT a function of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive processes

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Question 20

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to physiological changes. How do these changes impact heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

No change in heart rate or blood pressure

Question 21

Define a ganglion in the context of the peripheral nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Answer

An axon terminal that transmits signals to muscle tissue

Answer

A synapse where two neurons communicate

Answer

A bundle of myelinated nerve fibers

Question 22

Which nerve is responsible for controlling movement and sensation in the hand and forearm?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Sciatic nerve

Question 23

Acetylcholine is classified as which type of neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory

Answer

Inhibitory

Answer

Modulatory

Answer

Neuromodulatory

Question 24

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated during emergency situations, such as the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Answer

Parasympathetic division

Answer

Enteric division

Answer

Sensory division

Question 25

Which type of nerve fiber conducts electrical signals most efficiently?

Accepted Answer

A fibers

Answer

B fibers

Answer

C fibers

Answer

D fibers

Question 26

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing the myelin sheath around nerve fibers

Answer

Transmitting electrical signals

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

Detecting sensory stimuli

Question 27

Which of the following is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 28

Which diagnostic technique is commonly used to assess the electrical activity of peripheral nerves?

Accepted Answer

Electromyography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer

Electroencephalography

Answer

Computed tomography

Question 29

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglion in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons

Answer

Transmits motor signals to muscles

Answer

Regulates blood pressure

Answer

Secretes digestive enzymes

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Receiving sensory information

Answer

Controlling muscle movements

Answer

Mediating reflex responses

Question 31

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Question 32

What type of neuron carries sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Sympathetic neuron

Question 33

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by parasympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Question 34

Which characteristic is associated with myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Faster signal transmission

Answer

Slower signal transmission

Answer

Lower energy consumption

Answer

Higher energy consumption

Question 35

What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Myelinate axons

Answer

Transmit signals

Answer

Secrete hormones

Answer

Regulate blood flow

Question 36

Which nerve controls the contraction of the biceps muscle?

Accepted Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Answer

Sciatic nerve

Answer

Trochlear nerve

Question 37

What is the name of the protective layer surrounding peripheral nerves?

Accepted Answer

Epineurium

Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a type of peripheral neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Diabetic neuropathy

Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating heart rate

Answer

Initiating reflexes

Answer

Controlling voluntary muscle movement

Answer

Sending sensory information from the skin

Question 40

A patient experiences a loss of sensation in their right leg. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the right femoral nerve

Answer

Damage to the spinal cord

Answer

Damage to the left femoral nerve

Answer

Damage to the brain

Question 41

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Fight-or-flight response

Answer

Decreased heart rate

Answer

Increased digestive activity

Answer

Rest-and-digest response

Question 43

A patient with a spinal cord injury at the cervical level might experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Quadriplegia

Answer

Loss of sensation in the legs only

Answer

No significant neurological deficits

Answer

Paraplegia

Question 44

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglion?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons

Answer

Connects the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves

Answer

Contains the cell bodies of motor neurons

Answer

Relays signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 45

A patient with a condition affecting the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves might experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weakness, numbness, and tingling

Answer

Sudden onset of paralysis

Answer

Loss of consciousness

Answer

Increased muscle strength and coordination

Question 46

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling eye movements?

Accepted Answer

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 47

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating involuntary bodily functions

Answer

Coordinating complex motor skills

Answer

Controlling voluntary muscle movement

Answer

Processing sensory information