Overview of Metabolism: Learn the Basics of Metabolic Processes

Question 1

The overall reaction for cellular respiration is:

Accepted Answer

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Answer

Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy → Glucose + Oxygen

Answer

Glucose → Carbon dioxide + Water + Oxygen + Energy

Answer

Carbon dioxide + Oxygen → Glucose + Water + Energy

Question 2

Which of the following is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

What is the primary function of ATP in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes.

Answer

To store energy for later use.

Answer

To transport nutrients into cells.

Answer

To break down waste products.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones regulates blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 5

Define the fundamental difference between catabolism and anabolism.

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules, while anabolism builds them up.

Answer

Anabolism breaks down molecules, while catabolism builds them up.

Answer

Catabolism and anabolism are the same process.

Answer

Catabolism occurs in the cytoplasm, while anabolism occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 6

Identify the key enzyme involved in the initial step of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Citrate synthase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 7

What is the primary end product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Glucose-1-phosphate

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

ATP

Question 8

Identify the molecule that serves as the initial substrate for the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Glycerol

Question 9

In the electron transport chain, which substance acts as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Answer

NADH

Question 10

Which biomolecule serves as the primary source of energy for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 11

The metabolic process involving the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler components is termed:

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Question 12

In metabolic reactions, enzymes primarily function as:

Accepted Answer

Catalysts facilitating reactions

Answer

Inhibitors blocking reactions

Answer

Regulators controlling gene expression

Answer

Transporters moving molecules across membranes

Question 13

Within the cell, glycolysis predominantly occurs in which specific organelle?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

The metabolic process involving the construction of new molecules from smaller building blocks is known as:

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Question 15

Which biomolecule functions as the energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ADP

Answer

NADH

Answer

Glucose

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes an enzyme's characteristics?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy of reactions

Answer

They are nonspecific in their action on substrates

Answer

They are consumed during the reactions they facilitate

Answer

They are composed of carbohydrates

Question 17

The conversion of macromolecules into smaller molecules, releasing energy, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 18

In the electron transport chain, which molecule serves as the final acceptor of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Answer

Cytochrome c oxidase

Question 19

What is the primary role of ATP in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Energy currency

Answer

Substrate

Answer

Coenzyme

Answer

Electron carrier

Question 20

Which of the following factors does NOT affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

All of the above affect enzyme activity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

pH

Answer

Inhibitor concentration

Question 21

Coenzymes assist metabolic reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Carrying specific chemical groups

Answer

Providing protons

Answer

Activating substrates

Answer

Regulating enzyme activity

Question 22

Which type of feedback inhibition occurs when the final product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway?

Accepted Answer

End-product inhibition

Answer

Competitive inhibition

Answer

Non-competitive inhibition

Answer

Allosteric inhibition

Question 23

The primary function of catabolism is to

Accepted Answer

Break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Answer

Synthesize new molecules from simpler ones

Answer

Transport molecules across cell membranes

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fatty acid oxidation

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 25

The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) indicates

Accepted Answer

The substrate concentration at which an enzyme is half-saturated

Answer

The enzyme's specificity for its substrate

Answer

The maximum velocity of an enzyme-catalysed reaction

Answer

The activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction

Question 26

The hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver is

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 27

Mitochondria are primarily responsible for

Accepted Answer

Cellular energy production (ATP synthesis)

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid metabolism

Answer

DNA replication

Question 28

Which of the following processes is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer

Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 29

The primary purpose of catabolism in metabolism is to:

Accepted Answer

Break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy

Answer

Synthesize new molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy

Answer

Regulate the rate of metabolic reactions

Answer

Transport molecules across cell membranes

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They are consumed in the reactions they facilitate

Answer

They are highly specific for their substrates

Answer

They lower the activation energy of reactions

Answer

They can be denatured by environmental factors

Question 31

The key products of glycolysis are:

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate and ATP

Answer

Acetyl-CoA and NADH

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate

Answer

Lactate and ethanol

Question 32

NAD+ plays a crucial role in metabolism by:

Accepted Answer

Accepting electrons from catabolic reactions

Answer

Donating electrons to anabolic reactions

Answer

Regulating the rate of metabolic reactions

Answer

Transporting molecules across cell membranes

Question 33

Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions:

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy

Answer

Endergonic reactions release energy, while exergonic reactions require energy

Answer

Endergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds, while exergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds

Answer

Exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds, while endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a type of metabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Anabolism

Question 35

What is the primary energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

NADH

Answer

FAD

Answer

ADP

Question 36

What is the main function of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

To catalyze reactions, increasing their rate and lowering activation energy

Answer

To provide energy for reactions

Answer

To transport reactants

Question 37

Which of the following factors can influence enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration

Answer

Temperature only

Answer

Enzyme concentration only

Answer

pH and enzyme concentration only

Question 38

Explain the key difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules, releasing energy, while anabolism builds larger molecules using energy.

Answer

Catabolism builds larger molecules using energy, while anabolism breaks down complex molecules, releasing energy.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 40

What is a common end product of catabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ADP

Answer

Amino acids

Question 41

What is the primary role of metabolic pathways in cells?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to achieve a specific metabolic goal

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To transport substances across cell membranes

Question 42

How does metabolism contribute to overall health and well-being?

Accepted Answer

By providing energy, building and repairing tissues, and regulating body temperature

Answer

By storing genetic information

Answer

By transporting substances across cell membranes