Chromatography: Principles, Types, and Applications in Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of chromatography technique?

Accepted Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Liquid chromatography

Answer

Thin-layer chromatography

Question 2

In liquid chromatography, which of the following serves as the stationary phase?

Accepted Answer

Silica gel

Answer

Mobile phase

Answer

Water

Answer

Sample

Question 3

What is the primary function of the mobile phase in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

To carry the sample through the stationary phase

Answer

To react with the sample components

Answer

To stop the migration of the sample

Answer

To dissolve the stationary phase

Question 4

Which type of chromatography is specifically designed to separate ions?

Accepted Answer

Ion exchange chromatography

Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Liquid chromatography

Answer

Thin-layer chromatography

Question 5

What is the term used to describe the ratio of the distance traveled by the sample to the distance traveled by the solvent front in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Rf value

Answer

Retention factor

Answer

Migration distance

Answer

Separation factor

Question 6

Which of the following is a significant application of gas chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Drug analysis

Answer

Water analysis

Answer

Protein analysis

Answer

DNA analysis

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of derivatization in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

To increase the volatility of analytes

Answer

To increase the solubility of analytes

Answer

To alter the electrical charge of analytes

Answer

To increase the size of analytes

Question 8

Which of the following factors does not influence the separation of components in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Room temperature

Answer

Nature of the stationary phase

Answer

Nature of the mobile phase

Answer

pH of the solution

Question 9

How do qualitative and quantitative chromatography differ in their objectives?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative chromatography is used to identify components, while quantitative chromatography measures their concentration.

Answer

Quantitative chromatography is used to identify components, while qualitative chromatography measures their concentration.

Answer

Qualitative chromatography is used for large samples, while quantitative chromatography is used for small samples.

Answer

Qualitative chromatography is used for liquids, while quantitative chromatography is used for solids.

Question 10

Which technique among the following is NOT a type of chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Paper chromatography

Answer

Thin layer chromatography

Answer

Gas chromatography

Question 11

In chromatography, what is the primary function of the mobile phase?

Accepted Answer

To carry the sample through the stationary phase

Answer

To solubilize the sample

Answer

To separate the sample's constituents

Answer

To detect the separated components

Question 12

What is the fundamental principle of liquid chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Separation of components based on their affinity for the liquid mobile phase

Answer

Separation of components based on their size and charge

Answer

Separation of components based on their volatility

Answer

Separation of components based on their solubility

Question 13

In chromatography, what does the Rf value represent?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance traveled by the solvent

Answer

The ratio of the concentration of the solute to the concentration of the solvent

Answer

The difference in solubility between the solute and the solvent

Answer

The time taken for the solute to elute from the column

Question 14

What is the key distinction between analytical and preparative chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Analytical chromatography focuses on separating and identifying components, while preparative chromatography aims to isolate and purify components

Answer

Preparative chromatography focuses on separating and identifying components, while analytical chromatography aims to isolate and purify components

Answer

Both analytical and preparative chromatography are used to separate and identify components

Answer

Both analytical and preparative chromatography are used to isolate and purify components

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography commonly used in chemical analysis?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Paper chromatography

Answer

Thin layer chromatography

Answer

Liquid chromatography

Question 16

In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Silica gel

Answer

Activated charcoal

Answer

Aluminum oxide

Question 17

In gas chromatography, the primary purpose of the carrier gas is to:

Accepted Answer

Move the sample through the column

Answer

Separate the compounds based on their volatility

Answer

Detect the separated compounds

Answer

Enhance the resolution of the chromatogram

Question 18

Which type of detector is commonly used in liquid chromatography to detect compounds that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

Accepted Answer

UV detector

Answer

Fluorescence detector

Answer

Mass spectrometer

Answer

Conductivity detector

Question 19

The separation of compounds in ion exchange chromatography is based on the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Ion exchange

Answer

Differential partitioning

Answer

Size exclusion

Answer

Affinity

Question 20

Chromatography can be employed for the purification of substances primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Selectively separating the substance from impurities

Answer

Converting the substance into a different form

Answer

Adding a reagent to the substance

Answer

Heating the substance

Question 21

Which chromatography technique is optimal for separating non-volatile and thermally stable compounds?

Accepted Answer

Liquid chromatography

Answer

Paper chromatography

Answer

Thin layer chromatography

Answer

Gas chromatography

Question 22

In paper chromatography, what serves as the stationary phase?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Silica gel

Answer

Alumina

Answer

Activated charcoal

Question 23

Which factor does NOT influence the separation of compounds in thin layer chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Polarity of the compounds

Answer

Polarity of the mobile phase

Answer

Distance traveled by the mobile phase

Question 24

In gas chromatography, what is the primary function of the carrier gas?

Accepted Answer

To transport the sample through the column

Answer

To react with the sample

Answer

To separate the sample components

Answer

To detect the sample components

Question 25

What is the primary purpose of a solvent in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

To carry the sample through the column

Answer

To dissolve the sample

Answer

To separate the sample components

Answer

To detect the sample components

Question 26

Which characteristic is desirable for a chromatographic peak?

Accepted Answer

Narrow and symmetrical

Answer

Broad and asymmetrical

Answer

High and sharp

Answer

Low and flat

Question 27

Which technique is NOT a type of chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Mass spectrometry

Answer

Paper chromatography

Answer

Thin layer chromatography

Answer

Gas chromatography

Question 28

In paper chromatography, what component acts as the stationary phase?

Accepted Answer

Paper

Answer

Solvent

Answer

Sample

Answer

Detection agent

Question 29

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the separation of components in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Polarity of the mobile phase

Answer

Nature of the stationary phase

Answer

Intermolecular forces

Question 30

What is the underlying principle of thin layer chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Differential adsorption of components on a solid surface

Answer

Differential solubility of components in a liquid

Answer

Differential volatility of components

Answer

Differential ionization of components

Question 31

What is the primary function of a guard column in liquid chromatography?

Accepted Answer

To protect the analytical column from contaminants

Answer

To increase the separation efficiency

Answer

To detect the separated components

Answer

To enhance the sample solubility

Question 32

Why is sample preparation crucial in chromatography? Explain how it impacts the separation and analysis of components.

Accepted Answer

Sample preparation optimizes the sample for analysis, enhancing component separation and detection.

Answer

Sample preparation is unnecessary for chromatography, as the technique can analyze any mixture effectively.

Answer

Sample preparation only affects component separation, not analysis.

Answer

Sample preparation is only important for specific chromatography types, such as gas chromatography.

Question 33

Which type of chromatography is best suited for analyzing volatile compounds?

Accepted Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Paper chromatography

Answer

Thin layer chromatography

Answer

Liquid chromatography

Question 34

In liquid chromatography, what is the primary mechanism responsible for the separation of compounds?

Accepted Answer

Partition

Answer

Adsorption

Answer

Ion exchange

Answer

Affinity

Question 35

What is the primary purpose of using a mobile phase in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

To transport the sample through the stationary phase

Answer

To dissolve the sample

Answer

To separate the components of the sample

Answer

To detect the separated components

Question 36

What is the key difference between isocratic and gradient elution in liquid chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Isocratic elution employs a constant solvent composition, while gradient elution involves a changing solvent composition.

Answer

Gradient elution is more efficient than isocratic elution.

Answer

Isocratic elution is suitable for all samples, unlike gradient elution.

Answer

There is no difference between isocratic and gradient elution.

Question 37

What is the relationship between the polarity of the stationary and mobile phases and the elution order of compounds in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Compounds with similar polarity elute together.

Answer

Compounds with opposite polarity elute together.

Answer

Polarity has no impact on elution order.

Answer

The relationship is unpredictable.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Spectroscopy

Answer

Gas Chromatography

Answer

Thin Layer Chromatography

Answer

Liquid Chromatography

Question 39

In thin layer chromatography (TLC), the stationary phase is typically a...

Accepted Answer

Solid adsorbent material

Answer

Liquid solvent

Answer

Vacuum

Answer

Gaseous phase

Question 40

The retention factor (Rf) value in TLC represents...

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the distance traveled by a compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front

Answer

The molecular weight of the compound

Answer

The concentration of the compound

Answer

The time taken for a compound to elute

Question 41

In gas chromatography (GC), the mobile phase is...

Accepted Answer

An inert gas like helium or nitrogen

Answer

A vacuum

Answer

A liquid solvent

Answer

A solid adsorbent material

Question 42

Which of the following applications best describes the use of chromatography in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Drug analysis and identification of impurities

Answer

Measuring the speed of a chemical reaction

Answer

Determining the boiling point of a substance

Answer

Analyzing the composition of a rock sample

Question 43

Compared to traditional liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) offers:

Accepted Answer

Increased speed and resolution of separation

Answer

Lower cost

Answer

Greater sample volume capacity

Answer

Simpler operation

Question 44

A substance with a high affinity for the stationary phase in chromatography will...

Accepted Answer

Travel slower through the column

Answer

Be completely retained by the stationary phase

Answer

Not be separated from other components

Answer

Travel faster through the column

Question 45

Which of these factors DOES NOT directly influence the separation of components in chromatography?

Accepted Answer

Temperature of the room

Answer

Nature of the analyte

Answer

Polarity of the stationary phase

Answer

Polarity of the mobile phase

Question 46

In paper chromatography, the mobile phase typically travels upwards due to...

Accepted Answer

Capillary action

Answer

Pressure difference

Answer

Electrostatic attraction

Answer

Gravity

Question 47

A mixture containing components with significantly different polarities is best separated using...

Accepted Answer

A combination of different chromatography techniques

Answer

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

Answer

Gas chromatography (GC)

Answer

Paper chromatography