Nutrition and Hydration: A Comprehensive Guide for Health and Social Care Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental pillar of a balanced diet, as recommended by reputable nutritional guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Moderate consumption of sugary drinks and processed foods

Answer

Abundant consumption of fruits and vegetables

Answer

Adequate intake of whole grains

Answer

Inclusion of lean protein sources

Question 2

Which of the following age groups generally requires the highest daily calorie intake relative to their body weight?

Accepted Answer

Teenagers (13-18 years)

Answer

Toddlers (1-3 years)

Answer

Older adults (65+ years)

Answer

Adults aged 25-50 years

Question 3

When considering different methods of nutritional support, which route of administration is generally considered the most invasive and requires specialized medical intervention?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral: Administering nutrients intravenously (into a vein)

Answer

Oral: Providing nutrients by mouth

Answer

Enteral: Delivering nutrients directly into the stomach or small intestine via a tube

Answer

Rectal: Inserting nutrients into the rectum via a suppository or enema

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of adhering to a balanced and nutritious diet?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to food allergies and sensitivities

Answer

Improved overall health and well-being

Answer

Reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease or type 2 diabetes

Answer

Enhanced mood and cognitive function

Question 5

Which of the following macronutrients provides energy to the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Question 6

Which of the following is a condition caused by excessive loss of water from the body?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hypothermia

Question 7

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Storing energy

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Transporting oxygen

Question 8

Which of the following is a good source of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Red meat

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Citrus fruits

Question 9

What is the importance of fiber in a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

Aids in digestion and prevents constipation

Answer

Provides energy

Answer

Contributes to weight loss

Answer

Strengthens the immune system

Question 10

Which of the following is a key principle of healthy hydration?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a variety of fluids throughout the day

Answer

Drinking fluids only when thirsty

Answer

Avoiding caffeinated beverages

Answer

Limiting fluid intake before and after exercise

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a low-fat diet?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of nutrient deficiencies

Answer

Reduced risk of heart disease

Answer

Improved weight management

Answer

Enhanced athletic performance

Question 12

What is the recommended daily intake of saturated fat for adults?

Accepted Answer

Less than 10% of total calories

Answer

Less than 20% of total calories

Answer

Less than 30% of total calories

Answer

Less than 40% of total calories

Question 13

How do nurses and dieticians work together to ensure patients receive optimal nutrition and hydration?

Accepted Answer

Nurses and dieticians collaborate to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate nutritional care.

Answer

Nurses and dieticians work separately to meet individual patient needs.

Answer

Nurses provide nutritional advice, while dieticians handle hydration.

Answer

Dieticians focus on nutritional support, while nurses monitor fluid intake.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fats

Question 15

Which of the following is a rich source of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Pasta

Answer

White sugar

Question 16

What is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules for absorption called?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Excretion

Question 17

When providing nutrition to elderly individuals, which of the following is a key consideration?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring adequate protein intake

Answer

Reducing fluid intake

Answer

Increasing calorie intake

Answer

Limiting dietary fiber intake

Question 18

The process of removing waste products from the body is known as:

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Answer

Hydration

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Assimilation

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a balanced diet?

Accepted Answer

A diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups

Answer

A diet consisting primarily of processed foods and sugary drinks

Answer

A diet that is low in calories and fat

Answer

A diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates

Question 20

The process by which the body converts food into energy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Excretion

Question 21

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy

Answer

To build and repair tissues

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To transport oxygen and nutrients

Question 22

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 23

What is the recommended daily fluid intake for healthy adults in the UK?

Accepted Answer

8-10 glasses

Answer

6-8 glasses

Answer

10-12 glasses

Answer

12-14 glasses

Question 24

Which of the following foods is a good source of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Pasta

Answer

Potatoes

Question 25

What is the recommended method for oral rehydration during mild dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Drinking clear fluids regularly

Answer

Drinking sports drinks only

Answer

Drinking large amounts of water quickly

Answer

Avoiding all fluids until symptoms improve

Question 26

Overhydration occurs when a person consumes excessive fluids. Which of the following describes a potential risk associated with overhydration?

Accepted Answer

Diluted electrolytes and increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Optimal hydration and electrolyte levels

Answer

Temporary condition without significant health implications

Question 27

What is the main purpose of carbohydrates in our body?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy

Answer

To repair muscles

Answer

To support the immune system

Answer

To help blood clot

Question 28

Which condition is caused by an imbalance of fluids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Anemia

Question 29

Which age group is most likely to experience malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

The elderly

Answer

Teenagers

Answer

Pregnant women

Answer

Primary school children

Question 30

Approximately how many liters of fluid should adults aim to drink daily?

Accepted Answer

2-3 liters

Answer

1-2 liters

Answer

4-5 liters

Answer

6-7 liters

Question 31

Which food group is a good source of fiber and other vital nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Lean meat or fish

Answer

Processed foods

Question 32

How do saturated fats affect our health?

Accepted Answer

They increase blood pressure

Answer

They increase good cholesterol

Answer

They reduce inflammation

Answer

They support heart health

Question 33

A patient with a history of kidney disease is admitted to the hospital. Which dietary modification is most likely to be recommended to help manage their condition?

Accepted Answer

Reduced protein intake

Answer

High-sodium diet

Answer

High-fat diet

Answer

Increased fiber intake

Question 34

Which age group has the highest daily calcium requirement for optimal bone development?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Infancy

Answer

Older adults

Answer

Early adulthood

Question 35

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which of the following symptoms would you likely observe?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth and decreased urine output

Answer

Rapid weight gain

Answer

Increased appetite and energy

Answer

Increased blood pressure

Question 36

Which of the following is a reliable indicator of adequate hydration?

Accepted Answer

Clear and light-colored urine

Answer

Dark yellow urine

Answer

Increased thirst

Answer

Frequent urination

Question 37

What is the recommended daily water intake for an average adult?

Accepted Answer

2 liters

Answer

4 liters

Answer

1 liter

Answer

3 liters

Question 38

Which of the following food groups is a primary source of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Meat and poultry

Answer

Grains

Question 39

A patient is recovering from surgery. Which of the following nutritional strategies is most likely to support wound healing?

Accepted Answer

High protein intake

Answer

High carbohydrate intake

Answer

Low-fat diet

Question 40

An elderly patient with limited mobility is at risk of dehydration. Which of the following interventions would be MOST effective in preventing this?

Accepted Answer

Providing regular reminders and assistance to drink fluids throughout the day.

Answer

Offering salty snacks to stimulate thirst.

Answer

Restricting fluid intake in the evening to prevent nighttime bathroom visits.

Question 41

Which of the following meals best exemplifies a balanced diet according to the Eatwell Guide?

Accepted Answer

Grilled salmon with brown rice and steamed vegetables.

Answer

Cheese and ham sandwich on white bread with crisps.

Answer

Sausage and chips with a side of baked beans.

Question 42

A patient with high blood pressure needs to reduce their sodium intake. Which dietary modification would be most beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Choosing fresh fruits and vegetables over processed foods.

Answer

Increasing protein intake by consuming more red meat.

Answer

Replacing sugary drinks with diet versions.

Question 43

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the diet?

Accepted Answer

To provide a readily available source of energy.

Answer

To regulate body temperature.

Answer

To transport nutrients through the bloodstream.

Answer

To build and repair tissues.

Question 44

Which of the following is a sign of severe dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Rapid heart rate and low blood pressure.

Answer

Headache and dizziness.

Answer

Mild thirst and fatigue.

Answer

Dark yellow urine and decreased urination.

Question 45

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and crucial for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 46

What dietary advice would you give to a pregnant woman to ensure she's getting enough iron?

Accepted Answer

Consume iron-rich foods like red meat and leafy greens, alongside a source of Vitamin C.

Answer

Focus on plant-based iron sources only, as heme iron from animal products is not well absorbed.

Answer

Eliminate dairy products to prevent calcium interference with iron absorption.

Question 47

A patient with celiac disease needs to follow a gluten-free diet. Which of these foods contains gluten?

Accepted Answer

Wheat bread

Answer

Rice noodles

Answer

Corn tortillas

Question 48

What is the role of fiber in a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

It aids digestion and helps regulate bowel movements.

Answer

It provides the body with essential amino acids.

Answer

It acts as the primary source of energy for the brain.

Question 49

Which of the following individuals is at the HIGHEST risk of malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

An elderly person living alone with limited mobility and a poor appetite.

Answer

A teenager who occasionally skips breakfast but eats a balanced diet otherwise.

Answer

An athlete following a strict training regimen with increased caloric intake.