Infectious Diseases: Types, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment

Question 1

In an infectious disease outbreak, what is the primary objective of epidemiological investigations?

Accepted Answer

To determine the root of the outbreak

Answer

To design a cure for the disease

Answer

To administer treatment to those who are ill

Answer

To raise public awareness of the disease

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an effective way to prevent the spread of respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Taking antibiotics to prevent getting sick

Answer

Washing hands frequently

Answer

Covering your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing

Answer

Staying away from people who are sick

Question 3

What is the primary mechanism of transmission for respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Insect bites

Question 4

Which of the following viral infections can cause severe respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

COVID-19

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Hepatitis B

Question 5

Which of the following antibiotics is used to treat Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a recommended infection control measure in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Sharing medical instruments between patients

Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Isolation of infected patients

Answer

Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 7

Which of the following viral infections is transmitted through direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a recommended approach to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the community?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging public gatherings

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Contact tracing

Answer

Use of disinfectants

Question 9

Which of the following statements about infectious diseases is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

They are all curable with antibiotics.

Answer

They are caused by pathogens.

Answer

They can be transmitted between individuals.

Answer

They can be prevented through vaccination.

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Contact transmission

Answer

Airborne transmission

Answer

Fecal-oral transmission

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 11

Which type of pathogen causes influenza and HIV?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Parasite

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of the immune response stages?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, antigen presentation, adaptive immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity, inflammation, antigen presentation

Answer

Antigen presentation, adaptive immunity, inflammation

Answer

Inflammation, adaptive immunity, antigen presentation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a recommended measure to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Using antibiotics without a prescription

Answer

Practicing good hand hygiene

Answer

Getting vaccinated

Answer

Isolating infected individuals

Question 14

What is the primary function of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating global health efforts

Answer

Providing emergency aid during disasters

Answer

Educating the public about health issues

Answer

Developing new vaccines and treatments

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a recognized mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Teleportation

Answer

Airborne

Answer

Contact

Answer

Vector-borne

Question 16

What is the primary function of antibodies in the human immune response?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize toxins and pathogens

Answer

To destroy infected cells

Answer

To produce memory cells

Answer

To initiate phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Accepted Answer

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer

Surgical site infection (SSI)

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Sepsis

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of contact precautions in infection control?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the transmission of pathogens through direct or indirect contact

Answer

To isolate infected patients from others

Answer

To disinfect surfaces and equipment

Answer

To administer antibiotics

Question 19

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antifungals

Answer

Antivirals

Answer

Painkillers

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Contact

Answer

Droplet

Answer

Vector-borne

Question 21

Which of the following is the most common causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 22

How do vaccinations and immunizations contribute to preventing the spread of infectious diseases in a community?

Accepted Answer

They trigger the immune system to create antibodies and memory cells that protect against specific diseases.

Answer

They weaken the immune system, making people more vulnerable to infections.

Answer

They only benefit the people who receive them, not the wider population.

Answer

They are not necessary for healthy individuals.

Question 23

Which of the following is an uncommon mode of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Airborne

Answer

Contact

Answer

Ingestion

Question 24

Which of the following is the most common causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Salmonella enterica

Question 25

Which of the following antibiotics is a broad-spectrum agent used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing hospital-acquired infections?

Accepted Answer

Regular hand hygiene

Answer

Prolonged hospital stay

Answer

Compromised immune system

Answer

Use of invasive devices

Question 27

Which of the following is a common zoonotic disease?

Accepted Answer

Leptospirosis

Answer

Influenza

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Malaria

Question 28

What is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Question 29

Which of the following is a **common** mode of transmission for respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets

Answer

Contact with infected bodily fluids

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Answer

Bite from an infected animal

Question 30

What is the main function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize pathogens

Answer

To activate complement

Answer

To engulf pathogens

Answer

To produce memory cells

Question 31

Which of the following antibiotics is **commonly** used to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Aspirin

Question 32

What is the **primary purpose** of aseptic technique in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the spread of microorganisms

Answer

To reduce patient discomfort

Answer

To sterilize medical equipment

Answer

To promote patient recovery

Question 33

What is the key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific, while adaptive immunity is specific.

Answer

Adaptive immunity is non-specific, while innate immunity is specific.

Answer

Both innate and adaptive immunity are specific.

Answer

Neither innate nor adaptive immunity is specific.

Question 34

Which of the following is **not** a factor that can influence the severity of an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Blood type of the individual

Answer

Age of the individual

Answer

Underlying health conditions

Answer

Strain of the pathogen

Question 35

Which infectious agent causes tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Influenza virus

Question 36

Which preventive measure is recommended to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission?

Accepted Answer

Use of condoms during sexual activity

Answer

Antiviral therapy

Answer

Regular blood testing

Answer

Isolation of infected individuals

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT classified as an antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 38

Identify the zoonotic disease from the following:

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Malaria

Question 39

Which type of immunity involves the body actively producing antibodies in response to a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity

Answer

Artificial immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Natural immunity

Question 40

Identify a risk factor associated with contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs):

Accepted Answer

Having multiple sexual partners

Answer

Use of condoms

Answer

Good hygiene

Answer

Regular check-ups

Question 41

Which characteristic is unique to viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viral particles require host cells to replicate

Answer

Viral infections are always spread through direct contact

Answer

Viral infections are not contagious

Answer

Viral infections are easily treated with antibiotics

Question 42

Which strategy is NOT effective in controlling the spread of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring the problem and hoping it will go away

Answer

Isolating infected individuals to prevent further spread

Answer

Educating the public about prevention and transmission

Answer

Administering vaccines to boost immunity