Viral Pathogenesis and Host Interactions: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is NOT attributed to viruses?

Accepted Answer

Contain ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer

Obligate intracellular pathogens

Answer

Protein coat known as a capsid

Answer

Capable of causing disease

Question 2

Which type of viral genetic material is present as single-stranded RNA?

Accepted Answer

ssRNA

Answer

DNA

Answer

dsRNA

Answer

ssDNA

Question 3

Which of these viruses is classified as a retrovirus?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Poliovirus

Question 4

Which of the following viral diseases primarily affects the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Measles

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Ebola

Question 5

Which of the following viral infections is an example of a zoonotic disease?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

Influenza

Answer

HIV

Answer

Hepatitis A

Question 6

In the lytic cycle, which enzyme is responsible for cleaving viral DNA from the host chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Integrase

Question 7

Which mechanism of viral transmission involves the spread of virus through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects?

Accepted Answer

Contact transmission

Answer

Aerosol transmission

Answer

Droplet transmission

Answer

Fecal-oral transmission

Question 8

Which of the following viruses causes the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Human coronavirus (HCoV)

Question 9

Which antiviral drug targets the viral enzyme neuraminidase?

Accepted Answer

Oseltamivir

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Zidovudine

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 10

Which of the following viruses is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito?

Accepted Answer

Dengue fever virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer

Measles virus

Question 11

Which of the following is **not** a required component of a viral particle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleic acid

Answer

Protein coat

Answer

Lipid envelope

Question 12

What is the process by which viruses replicate within host cells known as?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Transformation

Question 13

Which of the following modes of transmission is characteristic of airborne viruses, such as the influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

Aerosol

Answer

Contact

Answer

Fecal-oral

Answer

Vector-borne

Question 14

What is the term for the specific receptors on host cells that viruses interact with to gain entry?

Accepted Answer

Adhesins

Answer

Epitopes

Answer

Antigens

Answer

Immunoglobulins

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of viral life cycle where the viral genome integrates into the host cell's DNA and remains dormant for an extended period?

Accepted Answer

Latent cycle

Answer

Productive cycle

Answer

Lytic cycle

Answer

Chronic cycle

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe viruses?

Accepted Answer

Capable of independent growth

Answer

Parasitic

Answer

Obligate intracellular

Answer

Possess genetic material

Question 17

Which type of viral latency involves the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic

Answer

Lytic

Answer

Productive

Answer

Cytopathic

Question 18

Which of these features is characteristic of highly pathogenic viruses?

Accepted Answer

High mortality rate

Answer

Low transmissibility

Answer

Mild symptoms

Answer

Long incubation period

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of an antiviral drug class?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Answer

Protease inhibitor

Answer

Neuraminidase inhibitor

Question 20

What is a significant drawback of using PCR for viral diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

High cost

Answer

High sensitivity

Answer

Specificity

Answer

Rapid results

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of the innate immune system in controlling viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies to neutralize viruses

Answer

Recognition of viral components by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Answer

Release of cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells

Question 22

Which type of virus has RNA as its genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Picornavirus

Answer

Herpesvirus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Poxvirus

Question 23

Which of the following is a type of viral attachment protein?

Accepted Answer

Glycoprotein

Answer

Envelope

Answer

Nucleocapsid

Answer

Capsid

Question 24

Which type of immune response involves the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Humoral response

Answer

Adaptive response

Answer

Innate response

Answer

Cellular response

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a type of antiviral drug?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Protease inhibitor

Answer

Interferon

Answer

Nucleoside analog

Question 26

Which cell type is primarily targeted by HIV?

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T cell

Answer

Epithelial cell

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Macrophage

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of measles?

Accepted Answer

Koplik's spots

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 28

Which type of virus is the primary cause of the common cold?

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Coronavirus

Answer

Paramyxovirus

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 29

What is a primary role of viral glycoproteins in pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

They mediate viral attachment to host cells.

Answer

They inhibit host immune responses

Answer

They facilitate viral genome replication

Answer

They promote viral assembly

Question 30

What is the primary role of interferons in the host response to viral infection?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit viral replication and spread

Answer

To directly destroy virus-infected cells

Answer

To enhance viral entry

Answer

To activate the complement system

Question 31

What is the significance of viral reservoirs in the context of viral pathogenesis?

Accepted Answer

They provide a sanctuary for the virus to persist within the host during immune responses or antiviral therapy.

Answer

They prevent the development of a protective immune response

Answer

They facilitate rapid viral spread throughout the host

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a virus-induced oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus E6 and E7

Answer

Influenza virus hemagglutinin

Answer

HIV gp120

Answer

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Question 33

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses cause cell damage and dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of host cell metabolism, signaling pathways, and cellular processes

Answer

Physical destruction of host cells

Answer

Induction of apoptosis or necrosis only

Question 34

Which viral protein is primarily responsible for helping an enveloped virus enter a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Attachment protein (e.g., hemagglutinin)

Answer

Neuraminidase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 35

What is the typical effect of a virus that replicates via the lytic cycle on its host cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell lysis and death

Answer

Transformation into a tumor cell

Answer

Formation of syncytia

Answer

Integration into the host genome

Question 36

Which of these is a common strategy viruses use to evade the host's immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic variation

Answer

Production of toxins

Answer

Sporulation (This is a bacterial survival strategy)

Answer

Formation of biofilms (This is primarily a bacterial strategy)

Question 37

Which type of cell is the primary target of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T cells

Answer

Hepatocytes

Answer

Neurons

Answer

Red blood cells

Question 38

What is the most likely mode of transmission for a respiratory virus like influenza?

Accepted Answer

Aerosol droplets (e.g., coughing, sneezing)

Answer

Contaminated food

Answer

Blood transfusion

Answer

Insect vectors

Question 39

Which of these statements best describes a latent viral infection?

Accepted Answer

The virus remains dormant within the host cell, with minimal to no active replication.

Answer

The virus integrates its genome into the host cell's ribosomes (This is not how viruses integrate).

Answer

The virus is easily cleared by the host's immune system.

Answer

The virus rapidly replicates and destroys host cells.

Question 40

Oncogenic viruses are primarily associated with the development of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Allergies

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Congenital defects

Question 41

Which of these viruses is known to cause a persistent infection?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C virus

Answer

Norovirus (Usually causes acute infection)

Answer

Influenza virus (Usually causes acute infection)

Answer

Rhinovirus (Usually causes acute infection)

Question 42

What is the primary function of interferons in the host's antiviral response?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit viral replication in infected and neighboring cells.

Answer

Directly neutralize viral particles (Antibodies are more responsible for this)

Answer

Activate antibody production by B cells (This is a role of helper T cells)

Question 43

Which of the following factors can significantly influence the severity of a viral infection?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

The route of viral entry

Answer

The virulence of the virus

Answer

The immune status of the host