Viral Infections: Comprehensive Quizzes for Pathology Students

Question 1

Which of the following antiviral therapies targets the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Zidovudine

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Oseltamivir

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 2

Influenza viruses are responsible for causing seasonal outbreaks of respiratory illness. Which of the following is a key feature of influenza virus transmission?

Accepted Answer

Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets.

Answer

Transmission occurs primarily through contact with contaminated surfaces.

Answer

Transmission only occurs during the acute phase of infection.

Answer

Transmission is not possible from asymptomatic individuals.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Have their own metabolism

Answer

Small size

Answer

Can cause disease

Answer

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 4

Which of the following antiviral therapies specifically targets viral DNA?

Accepted Answer

Zidovudine

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Oseltamivir

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 5

Where does replication of picornaviruses primarily occur within the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cytoplasmic membrane

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which diagnostic method is most commonly used for viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Molecular techniques

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Culture

Answer

Serological tests

Question 7

Which type of viral latency involves the viral genome integrating into the host cell's DNA?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic

Answer

Lytic

Answer

Chronic

Answer

Acute

Question 8

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Ability to replicate within host cells

Answer

Absence of specific antigens

Answer

Presence of a viral envelope

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 9

Classify the following virus as DNA or RNA: Hepatitis B virus

Accepted Answer

DNA virus

Answer

RNA virus

Question 10

Which symptom is commonly associated with influenza infection?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Skin rash

Question 11

When selecting antiviral therapy, which factor is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Viral genotype

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Duration of symptoms

Answer

Patient's immune status

Question 12

Which of the following is an ineffective infection control measure for controlling the spread of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Sharing contaminated objects

Answer

Frequent handwashing

Answer

Isolating infected individuals

Answer

Using personal protective equipment

Question 13

Identify the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2

Answer

MERS-CoV

Answer

HIV-1

Answer

Influenza A virus

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Genome consists solely of RNA

Answer

Require a living host cell to replicate

Answer

Presence of replicating viral particles

Answer

Can cause both acute and chronic infections

Question 15

Select the viral pathogen primarily responsible for the common cold.

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Human papillomavirus

Question 16

Which type of immune response plays the primary role in controlling viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 17

Identify the viral infection that typically establishes a persistent, chronic infection in the host.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Measles

Question 18

To implement effective infection control measures, it's crucial to understand how arenaviruses primarily spread. Describe this transmission mode and explain its significance.

Accepted Answer

Direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids

Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets from infected individuals

Answer

Consumption of contaminated food or water

Question 19

In viral pneumonia, what is the primary cause of lung damage?

Accepted Answer

Direct viral destruction of lung cells

Answer

Excessive immune response

Answer

Fluid buildup in the lungs

Answer

Scarring of lung tissue

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of viral replication?

Accepted Answer

Can occur independently of cellular metabolism

Answer

Requires the presence of a host cell

Answer

Involves the synthesis of new viral genetic material

Answer

Results in the production of new infectious viral particles

Question 21

Which of the following is a common respiratory viral infection that can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, and sore throat?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Hepatitis C virus

Answer

Herpes simplex virus

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 22

Which type of antiviral therapy works by preventing viral replication by interfering with the synthesis of viral DNA or RNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoside analogs

Answer

Interferons

Answer

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer

Protease inhibitors

Question 23

Which of the following is a potential complication of viral infections that can affect the brain and nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Viral meningitis

Answer

Parasitic dysentery

Answer

Fungal sepsis

Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 24

Which route of transmission is the primary mode of spread for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Accepted Answer

Sexual contact

Answer

Fecal-oral

Answer

Vector-borne

Answer

Airborne

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a recommended preventive measure for viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Using antibiotics

Answer

Getting vaccinated

Answer

Maintaining good hygiene practices

Answer

Isolating infected individuals

Question 26

Which diagnostic technique is commonly used to detect the presence of viral genetic material in clinical samples?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gram staining

Answer

ELISA

Answer

Culture

Question 27

Which characteristic is unique to viral infections?

Accepted Answer

They can replicate only within living host cells.

Answer

They are curable with antibiotics.

Answer

They are always transmitted through direct contact.

Question 28

Which virus is responsible for the majority of common colds?

Accepted Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 29

Which of the following is a serious complication of influenza infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Hepatitis

Answer

Encephalitis

Question 30

Which type of virus has a genome composed of single-stranded RNA?

Accepted Answer

Picornavirus

Answer

Herpesvirus

Answer

Hepadnavirus

Answer

Retrovirus

Question 31

Epstein-Barr virus is caused by which virus?

Accepted Answer

Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)

Answer

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Answer

Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1)

Answer

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)

Question 32

Which group of antivirals targets viral envelope proteins?

Accepted Answer

Entry inhibitors

Answer

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Answer

Protease inhibitors

Answer

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Question 33

Which characteristic is associated with enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

They can be neutralized by antibodies.

Answer

They are resistant to all antiviral medications.

Answer

They remain viable outside the host for extended periods.

Answer

They are always more virulent than non-enveloped viruses.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can reproduce independently.

Answer

Viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA).

Answer

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

Question 35

A patient presents with fever, headache, and a rash. A viral infection is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely mode of transmission for this type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory droplets

Answer

Bloodborne transmission

Answer

Fecal-oral route

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 36

Which virus can remain dormant in the body and reactivate later in life, causing a different illness?

Accepted Answer

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Rhinovirus

Question 37

A patient with HIV is experiencing a decline in CD4+ T cell count. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Acute viral infection

Answer

Antiviral resistance

Answer

Increased viral replication

Question 38

Which antiviral medication is commonly used to treat influenza virus infections?

Accepted Answer

Oseltamivir

Answer

Tenofovir

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 39

A patient with a history of chickenpox develops shingles. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus

Answer

An allergic reaction

Answer

A new infection with a different virus

Answer

A bacterial infection

Question 40

Which of the following viral infections can be prevented by vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Common cold

Answer

HIV

Answer

Herpes simplex virus

Question 41

A patient presents with jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. A viral infection is suspected. Which of the following viruses is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C virus

Answer

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer

Cytomegalovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a method commonly used for diagnosing viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Blood culture

Answer

PCR testing

Answer

Serology

Answer

Electron microscopy