Cardiovascular System Pharmacology: Drugs for Hypertension, Angina, and Arrhythmias

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Increase in heart rate

Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin II formation

Answer

Vasodilation

Answer

Prevention of aldosterone release

Question 2

Which antianginal drug belongs to the class of calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Verapamil

Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Atropine

Question 3

Which drug class is primarily used to lower blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Statins

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Question 4

Which drug class is used to lower blood pressure by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 5

What is the primary effect of beta-blockers on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Increased cardiac contractility

Answer

Reduced renin secretion

Question 6

What is the main purpose of digoxin in the treatment of heart failure?

Accepted Answer

To increase cardiac output

Answer

To decrease heart rate

Answer

To improve blood pressure

Answer

To reduce shortness of breath

Question 7

Which of the following drugs can cause hyperkalemia as a side effect?

Accepted Answer

Enalapril

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Furosemide

Question 8

What is the main mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of calcium channels

Answer

Inhibition of sodium channels

Answer

Activation of potassium channels

Answer

Inhibition of renin release

Question 9

Identify the mechanism of action that is NOT characteristic of antihypertensive drugs.

Accepted Answer

Enhancing cardiac output

Answer

Enlarging blood vessels

Answer

Reducing stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Diminishing blood volume

Question 10

Which cardiovascular condition is an appropriate indication for prescribing calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart (angina)

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Answer

Excess cholesterol in the blood

Question 11

Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with the use of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Slow heart rate (bradycardia)

Answer

Elevated blood pressure (hypertension)

Answer

Feeling lightheaded or dizzy

Answer

Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)

Question 12

Which antiarrhythmic drug is known for its potency and potential to cause a dangerous heart rhythm called torsades de pointes?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Atenolol

Question 13

What is the primary action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Blocking the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Answer

Stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Enlarging blood vessels by releasing nitric oxide

Answer

Decreasing heart rate

Question 14

Which condition makes it inappropriate to administer nitrates?

Accepted Answer

Low blood pressure (hypotension)

Answer

High blood pressure (hypertension)

Answer

Chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart (angina)

Answer

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Question 15

Which potential drug interaction involving warfarin should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Increased anticoagulant effect

Answer

Reduced anticoagulant effect

Answer

No interaction

Answer

Increased antiplatelet effect

Question 16

What is the underlying cause of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand

Answer

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Answer

Blockages in the arteries supplying blood to the heart

Answer

Electrical disturbances in the heart

Question 17

Which of the following is **not** an antihypertensive drug?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Question 18

What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Reduce heart rate and contractility

Answer

Block calcium channels in the heart

Answer

Dilate blood vessels

Answer

Increase blood volume

Question 19

What is a **potential** adverse effect of nitrates?

Accepted Answer

Headache

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Question 20

Which of the following is **not** a class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Class IV

Answer

Class I

Answer

Class II

Answer

Class III

Question 21

What is the **primary** indication for administering digoxin?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Angina

Question 22

Which of the following medications may **interact** with digoxin?

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 23

What is the **primary** role of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders?

Accepted Answer

Dilate blood vessels

Answer

Reduce blood pressure

Answer

Decrease heart rate

Answer

Increase cardiac contractility

Question 24

Which of the following is a **non-pharmacological** approach to managing cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Administration of nitrates

Answer

Insertion of pacemakers

Answer

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Question 25

Which of the following accurately describes the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Inhibiting sympathetic outflow

Answer

Blocking calcium channels

Answer

Promoting vasodilation

Question 26

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Asthma or COPD

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Angina

Answer

Arrhythmias

Question 27

Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs belongs to the class Ia category?

Accepted Answer

Quinidine

Answer

Lidocaine

Answer

Verapamil

Answer

Amiodarone

Question 28

What is the primary objective of administering nitrates in the treatment of angina?

Accepted Answer

To promote vasodilation

Answer

To decrease blood pressure

Answer

To reduce heart rate

Answer

To inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 29

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of sodium and chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Answer

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Answer

Inactivation of the sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Stimulation of water reabsorption

Question 30

Which of the following medications is a calcium channel blocker used to treat angina?

Accepted Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Lisinopril

Question 31

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in reducing blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing the formation of angiotensin II

Answer

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and contractility

Answer

Blockade of calcium channels, decreasing vascular resistance

Answer

Inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase, reducing sodium reabsorption

Question 32

Which of the following medications is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Clonidine

Question 33

What is the main adverse effect associated with the anti-arrhythmic drug amiodarone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid dysfunction, including both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and vomiting

Answer

Bradycardia, a dangerously slow heart rate

Answer

Hypotension

Question 34

Which of the following is a primary indication for the use of nitrates in cardiovascular medicine?

Accepted Answer

Relief of angina pectoris, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

Answer

Prevention and treatment of arrhythmias, irregular heart rhythms

Answer

Treatment of hypertension, high blood pressure

Answer

Management of heart failure, a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively

Question 35

Which drug acts by antagonizing aldosterone receptors in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Bumetanide

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 36

What is a contraindication for the use of calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Sick sinus syndrome, a heart rhythm disorder characterized by a slow heart rate

Answer

Hypertension, high blood pressure

Answer

Angina pectoris, chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

Answer

Heart failure, a condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively

Question 37

Which medication is primarily used to increase the force of heart contractions?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Propranolol

Question 38

Which of the following diuretics is potassium-sparing, meaning it helps retain potassium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Bumetanide

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Furosemide

Question 39

What is the most common adverse effect associated with ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Cough, a persistent dry cough

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and vomiting

Answer

Hypotension, abnormally low blood pressure

Answer

Bradycardia, a dangerously slow heart rate

Question 40

Which of the following is an indication for antianginal drugs?

Accepted Answer

Stable angina

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Hypertension

Question 41

Which of the following drugs is classified as a calcium channel blocker?

Accepted Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Atenolol

Question 42

Which of the following drugs is a sodium channel blocker?

Accepted Answer

Lidocaine

Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Ramipril

Question 43

Which of the following is a mechanism of action for diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the kidney

Answer

Blockade of calcium channels

Answer

Stimulation of vasodilation

Answer

Reduction of heart rate

Question 44

Which of the following is an indication for statins?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of cardiovascular events

Answer

Treatment of hypertension

Answer

Relief of angina

Answer

Management of arrhythmias