Mood Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Question 1

Identify the core symptom of depression from the following options:

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Increased energy levels

Question 2

In the treatment of depression, which type of therapy has strong empirical support?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

Question 3

What is the key distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression involves recurring episodes of low mood, while bipolar depression involves alternating episodes of mania and depression.

Answer

Bipolar depression is more severe than unipolar depression.

Answer

Unipolar depression is more common than bipolar depression.

Answer

Bipolar depression cannot be treated with medication.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a typical symptom of hypomania?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Inflated self-esteem

Answer

Poor sleep

Question 5

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Rapid speech

Question 6

Which type of mood disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of elevated mood and decreased need for sleep?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar I Disorder

Answer

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer

Dysthymic Disorder

Question 7

For moderate to severe depressive disorder, what is the recommended first-line treatment approach?

Accepted Answer

Combined psychotherapy and medication

Answer

Psychotherapy alone

Answer

Medication alone

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 8

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on altering maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors to improve mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer

Humanistic Therapy

Answer

Behavioral Therapy

Question 9

What is the fundamental distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar disorder exclusively involves depressive episodes, while bipolar disorder involves both depression and mania.

Answer

Bipolar disorder exclusively involves manic episodes, while unipolar disorder involves both depression and mania.

Answer

Unipolar disorder involves more severe depressive episodes than bipolar disorder.

Answer

There is no significant difference between unipolar and bipolar disorder.

Question 10

Which ethical principle should healthcare professionals prioritize when making treatment decisions for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Considering the patient's values and preferences

Answer

Withholding information from patients about their diagnosis or prognosis

Answer

Ignoring the patient's values and preferences

Answer

Using placebos in clinical trials

Question 11

What is a potential drawback of using self-help strategies for managing mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Higher chance of a relapse

Answer

Greater sense of control

Answer

Enhanced self-awareness

Answer

Less reliance on medication

Question 12

What is a core symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Sustained feelings of sadness or emptiness

Answer

Racing thoughts and increased energy levels

Answer

Grandiosity and decreased need for sleep

Answer

Persistent hallucinations and delusions

Question 13

Which pharmacological intervention is commonly used to stabilize mood in bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 14

What is a key difference between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Manic episodes are present in bipolar depression

Answer

Depressive episodes only occur in bipolar depression

Answer

Treatment options differ significantly

Answer

The duration of depressive episodes is longer in bipolar depression

Question 15

What does the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) primarily serve as?

Accepted Answer

A guide for diagnosing mental health conditions

Answer

A treatment manual for mental health professionals

Answer

A research tool for studying mental health

Answer

A classification system for psychological disorders

Question 16

What is the primary difference between unipolar and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar disorder involves only depressive episodes, while bipolar disorder involves both depressive and manic episodes.

Answer

Bipolar disorder involves only manic episodes, while unipolar disorder involves both depressive and manic episodes.

Answer

Unipolar disorder is more common than bipolar disorder.

Answer

Bipolar disorder is more common than unipolar disorder.

Question 17

Which of the following is a prominent symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood and loss of interest

Answer

Elevated mood and racing thoughts

Answer

Hallucinations and delusions

Answer

Agitation and restlessness

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Question 19

Which type of therapy is supported by research for the treatment of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)

Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Answer

Psychodynamic Therapy

Question 20

What is the key difference between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar involves only depressive episodes, while bipolar involves alternating episodes of depression and mania.

Answer

Bipolar depression is more severe than unipolar depression.

Answer

Unipolar depression is less common than bipolar depression.

Answer

There is no distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression.

Question 21

True or False: Mood disorders are always chronic and debilitating.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 22

How can social support positively impact individuals with mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

It can provide emotional validation and coping mechanisms.

Answer

It has no significant effect on the trajectory of mood disorders.

Answer

It can exacerbate mood symptoms in certain individuals.

Answer

It is only beneficial in severe cases of mood disorders.

Question 23

Which of the following is **not** a risk factor for developing a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Family history

Answer

Personality traits

Answer

Major life stressors

Question 24

Identify the primary symptom of major depressive disorder:

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Rapid speech

Answer

Increased energy levels

Question 25

Define the term that describes a period of unusually elevated mood, energy, and activity:

Accepted Answer

Mania

Answer

Hypomania

Answer

Euthymia

Answer

Dysthymia

Question 26

Explain the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorder:

Accepted Answer

Unipolar disorder exclusively involves depression, while bipolar disorder includes both depression and mania.

Answer

Bipolar disorder exclusively involves mania, while unipolar disorder involves both depression and mania.

Answer

Unipolar disorder includes both depression and mania, while bipolar disorder exclusively involves mania.

Answer

Unipolar and bipolar disorder are not distinct conditions.

Question 27

Identify a cognitive symptom commonly associated with depression:

Accepted Answer

Negative thoughts

Answer

Positive thoughts

Answer

Enhanced concentration

Answer

Increased motivation

Question 28

Differentiate between dysthymia and major depressive disorder:

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia represents a milder form of depression compared to major depressive disorder.

Answer

Dysthymia represents a more severe form of depression compared to major depressive disorder.

Answer

Dysthymia involves intermittent depressive episodes, while major depressive disorder involves persistent depression.

Answer

Dysthymia and major depressive disorder are not distinct conditions.

Question 29

Identify a behavioural symptom associated with mania:

Accepted Answer

Increased risk-taking

Answer

Reduced risk-taking

Answer

Slowed thoughts

Answer

Increased need for sleep

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Racing thoughts

Question 31

Which type of mood disorder involves alternating episodes of mania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Major depressive disorder

Answer

Dysthymia

Answer

Seasonal affective disorder

Question 32

What is the recommended initial treatment approach for depression?

Accepted Answer

A combination of psychotherapy and medication

Answer

Psychotherapy

Answer

Medication

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 33

Which of the following is a key symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness that interfere with daily activities

Answer

Hallucinations and delusions

Answer

Increased energy and racing thoughts

Answer

Compulsions and rituals

Question 34

What is a common biological factor that may contribute to mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Dysregulation of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer

Personality traits in isolation

Answer

Genetic predisposition alone

Answer

Social stressors exclusively

Question 35

Which of the following is a form of psychotherapy commonly used to treat mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors

Answer

Psychoanalysis, which explores unconscious conflicts

Answer

Humanistic therapy, which emphasizes self-actualization

Answer

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), which is typically used for severe cases

Question 36

What is a characteristic feature of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Alternating periods of elevated mood (mania) and depressed mood

Answer

Anhedonia and social withdrawal exclusively

Answer

Compulsive behaviors as the primary symptom

Answer

Persistent low mood without periods of elevation

Question 37

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mood disorders or other mental illnesses

Answer

High levels of physical exercise in isolation

Answer

Strong social support alone

Answer

Healthy diet and lifestyle exclusively

Question 38

What is the primary goal of medication in the treatment of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

To manage and stabilize mood, reducing the severity of symptoms

Answer

To enhance cognitive function exclusively

Answer

To provide a permanent cure

Answer

To eliminate all symptoms permanently

Question 39

Which of the following is a cognitive distortion common in depression?

Accepted Answer

Negative self-talk and catastrophizing

Answer

Positive self-talk

Answer

Magical thinking

Answer

Catastrophic thinking in isolation

Question 40

What is a potential advantage of using CBT in the treatment of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

It equips individuals with coping mechanisms to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being

Answer

It is highly effective for all individuals with no exceptions

Answer

It is a quick and effortless treatment

Question 41

Which of the following is a symptom of mania?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy, reduced need for sleep, and racing thoughts

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Persistent low mood

Answer

Difficulty concentrating

Question 42

What is an important consideration when diagnosing a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Ruling out other potential causes for the symptoms, such as medical conditions or substance-induced mood changes

Answer

Relying solely on the patient's self-report