Explore the Biological Bases of Behavior in Psychology

Question 1

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement and higher-order cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 2

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmit signals between neurons

Answer

Carry electrical impulses along axons

Answer

Stimulate muscle contractions

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Question 3

Which brain structure is primarily associated with the regulation of emotion and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 4

What is the key difference between a neuron and a glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Neurons transmit electrical signals, while glial cells provide support

Answer

Glial cells transmit electrical signals, while neurons provide support

Answer

Neurons and glial cells have identical functions

Answer

Glial cells are only found in the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with parasympathetic nervous system activity?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 6

Which neuroimaging technique is commonly used to study the structure and function of the brain in vivo (in a living organism)?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 7

Which cerebral cortex lobe presides over higher cognitive functions like language comprehension and logical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 8

What is the main purpose of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To initiate the body's response to perceived threats or emergencies

Answer

To induce a state of relaxation and rest

Answer

To maintain homeostasis within the body

Answer

To control voluntary muscular contractions

Question 9

Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating bodily movements and maintaining equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 10

What is the spinal cord's primary role within the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit sensory and motor signals between the brain and body

Answer

To regulate the secretion of hormones

Answer

To control automatic muscular contractions

Answer

To facilitate higher-order cognitive processes

Question 11

Which trait characterizes the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Self-propagation

Answer

Graded amplitude

Answer

Occurrence only in sensory neurons

Answer

Movement of sodium ions into the cell

Question 12

How are excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) different from inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs increase the likelihood of an action potential while IPSPs decrease it.

Answer

Both EPSPs and IPSPs enhance the probability of an action potential.

Answer

EPSPs decrease the likelihood of an action potential while IPSPs increase it.

Answer

Both EPSPs and IPSPs reduce the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 13

Which component of the nervous system is responsible for automatic and rapid reactions, such as the withdrawal of a hand from a hot object?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 14

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for conscious thought, reasoning, and language production?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Thalamus

Question 15

Which type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and other organs?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Glial cell

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is known to play a crucial role in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 17

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath surrounding certain neurons?

Accepted Answer

Insulating the neuron and increasing the speed of signal transmission

Answer

Filtering out unwanted signals

Answer

Storing memories

Answer

Producing neurotransmitters

Question 18

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in maintaining body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Detecting changes in body temperature and triggering responses to restore homeostasis

Answer

Producing hormones that regulate body temperature

Answer

Transmitting signals from the brain to the body's thermoreceptors

Answer

Storing memories related to body temperature

Question 19

Which is NOT a component of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 20

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Serves as the central relay center for messages to and from the brain

Answer

Processes sensory information

Answer

Initiates voluntary movement

Answer

Stores memories

Question 21

Which lobe of the cerebrum is associated with interpreting visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 22

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for transmitting signals between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 23

What process involves a long-lasting strengthening of the connection between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 24

Which field of study is primarily concerned with the structure and function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience

Answer

Neurology

Answer

Psychology

Answer

Physiology