Memory: Types and Functions | Psychology | Advanced Diploma in Public Services

Question 1

Which memory system is responsible for recalling specific events from our personal past, such as our first day of school?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 2

What is the key difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory requires conscious effort, while implicit memory does not.

Answer

Implicit memory requires conscious effort, while explicit memory does not.

Answer

Explicit memory stores procedural information, while implicit memory stores declarative information.

Answer

Implicit memory stores procedural information, while explicit memory stores declarative information.

Question 3

How can memory be influenced by external factors such as stress or sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Both of the above.

Answer

Stress can enhance memory for emotional events.

Answer

Sleep deprivation can impair the formation of new memories.

Answer

Neither of the above.

Question 4

Which stage of memory formation involves the initial processing and registration of information?

Accepted Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Consolidation

Question 5

Which type of memory stores factual information, such as names and dates?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Question 6

What term describes the natural decline in memory function associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Mild cognitive impairment

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Presbyopia

Question 7

What is the process of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory called?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Recall

Question 8

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the storage of long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 9

What is the phenomenon known as 'forgetting curve'?

Accepted Answer

The gradual loss of information over time

Answer

The sudden loss of all memories

Answer

The ability to retain information for an extended period

Answer

The process of retrieving information from memory

Question 10

What is the name of the psychological experiment that demonstrated the role of schemas in memory?

Accepted Answer

Bartlett's War of the Ghosts

Answer

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Answer

Asch's Conformity Experiment

Answer

Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 11

What is the name of the memory disorder that is characterized by an inability to form new memories?

Accepted Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Aphasia

Question 12

How does the depth of processing impact the strength and duration of memory traces?

Accepted Answer

Deeper processing enhances the transfer of memories to long-term storage, increasing their strength and durability.

Answer

Superficial processing strengthens memory traces more effectively than deep processing.

Answer

The depth of processing does not affect the strength or durability of memory traces.

Answer

Greater depth of processing results in weaker and less durable memory traces.

Question 13

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model, what stage is NOT involved in memory processing?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory retrieval

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 14

Which type of memory temporarily holds information that is being actively used?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 15

Which factor does NOT influence the retrieval of memories?

Accepted Answer

Sensory deprivation

Answer

Context dependency

Answer

Mood congruence

Answer

Working memory capacity

Question 16

Which memory store has a limited capacity and duration?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 17

Which theory suggests that memories are stored as interconnected nodes in a network?

Accepted Answer

Associative network theory

Answer

Schemas theory

Answer

Cognitive map theory

Answer

Retrieval theory

Question 18

Which brain structure plays a primary role in the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 19

Which type of memory is used for performing skills like riding a bicycle?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 20

Which type of memory holds information for a limited duration, typically lasting from a few seconds to minutes?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 21

What term refers to the process by which memories are encoded and stored in relatively permanent form?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Reconstruction

Question 22

Which memory model proposes that memories are stored as interconnected nodes and pathways within neural networks?

Accepted Answer

Connectionist model

Answer

Multi-store model

Answer

Levels-of-processing model

Answer

Working memory model

Question 23

What is the name of the cognitive system that temporarily holds and manipulates information during ongoing mental activities?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Question 24

Which memory technique involves organizing information into meaningful groups to enhance its memorability?

Accepted Answer

Chunking

Answer

Cramming

Answer

Rote memorization

Answer

Spaced repetition

Question 25

Which neurobiological change is fundamental to the formation and storage of long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptic depression