What is Psychology? - Definition, History, and Perspectives

Question 1

In psychological research, ethical guidelines are essential. Which ethical principle is crucial for researchers to follow when involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Getting informed consent from participants

Answer

Deceiving participants without their knowledge

Answer

Disregarding the potential effects of the research on participants

Question 2

Who is credited as the founder of experimental psychology, known for introducing scientific methods to the field?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 3

How can psychological principles be practically applied to enhance the effectiveness of public service interventions? Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Employing cognitive-behavioral therapy to aid individuals in overcoming substance abuse.

Accepted Answer

Utilizing motivational interviewing to encourage individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles.

Accepted Answer

Applying social psychology to develop public health campaigns that promote healthy behaviors.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a key step in the scientific method, as applied to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Answer

Collecting data

Answer

Analyzing data

Question 5

Psychology's interdisciplinary nature connects it to other fields. How do these connections with sociology, neuroscience, and education enhance our understanding of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychology and sociology work together to study human behavior from both individual and societal perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Psychology and neuroscience explore the biological basis of mental processes, deepening our understanding of the mind-body connection.

Accepted Answer

Psychology and education collaborate to create teaching methods based on cognitive development and learning processes.

Answer

Psychology operates independently of other fields, relying solely on its own theories and methods.

Question 6

Which characteristic is central to the psychodynamic perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Belief in the impact of early life experiences

Answer

Emphasis on observable behaviors

Answer

Focus on the influence of social learning

Answer

Aim to modify behavior through reinforcement

Question 7

What is the most widely accepted definition of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of the human mind and behavior

Answer

The exploration of the brain and its functions

Answer

The analysis of human emotions and motivations

Answer

The examination of social interactions and relationships

Question 8

Who is credited as the 'father of psychology' and established the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 9

Which perspective in psychology places emphasis on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 10

In experimental research, what refers to the variable that is deliberately manipulated to observe its effects?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Answer

Dependent variable

Answer

Control variable

Answer

Extraneous variable

Question 11

Which of the following research methods involves observing behaviors in their natural setting?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 12

According to ethical guidelines, researchers must obtain what before conducting research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Institutional approval

Answer

Financial compensation

Answer

Parental permission

Question 13

Which subfield of psychology specializes in applying psychological principles to understand and address issues within the legal system?

Accepted Answer

Forensic psychology

Answer

Clinical psychology

Answer

Educational psychology

Answer

Sports psychology

Question 14

What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to their personality traits and ignore situational factors?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Halo effect

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an objective of this unit on 'What is Psychology?'?

Accepted Answer

To provide hands-on training in psychological assessment techniques

Answer

To define psychology and its key concepts

Answer

To explore the historical development of psychology

Answer

To introduce diverse perspectives within psychology

Question 16

Which definition of psychology is most commonly accepted?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

Answer

The philosophical exploration of human nature

Answer

The application of principles to improve mental health

Answer

The analysis of social interactions and their impact on individuals

Question 17

Who is widely recognized as the 'father of psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 18

Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of subjective experiences and personal growth?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Biological

Question 19

Which research method involves **observing and recording** behavior in its natural environment?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 20

Identify the ethical principle that obligates psychologists to **safeguard** the privacy of their participants.

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Debriefing

Answer

Anonymity

Question 21

What is the term for the study of how individuals **process, store**, and retrieve information?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Biological psychology

Question 22

Which ethical principle requires psychologists to **minimize any potential harm** to their participants?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy