Basic Cell Biology Quizzes for Anatomy and Physiology for Sport

Question 1

Which of the following is the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ADP

Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Have a cell wall

Answer

Possess a nucleus

Answer

Have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Have a cytoskeleton

Question 3

What is the main function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Question 4

What is the primary role of enzymes in cell metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Speed up chemical reactions

Answer

Slow down chemical reactions

Answer

Produce energy

Answer

Break down waste products

Question 5

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Cell wall composition

Answer

Presence of DNA

Question 6

What is the primary role of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the passage of substances across the membrane

Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

Which biomolecule serves as the primary energy source for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 8

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

Answer

Breaks down waste products and damaged organelles

Answer

Produces ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer

Synthesizes DNA for cell division

Question 9

Describe how cells modify their structure and function in response to varying environmental cues. Provide specific examples to illustrate these adaptations.

Accepted Answer

Cells can adjust their membrane permeability to control the movement of ions and molecules.

Accepted Answer

Cells can alter their shape to aid in movement or interaction with neighboring cells.

Accepted Answer

Cells can synthesize specific enzymes or proteins in response to particular stimuli.

Answer

Cells are incapable of adapting their structure or function in response to environmental signals.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

The selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell is called:

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Golgi apparatus membrane

Question 12

Which type of cell division produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Possession of a nucleus

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Small size

Answer

Lack of ribosomes

Question 14

The fluid that fills the nucleus of a cell is called:

Accepted Answer

Nucleoplasm

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Karyoplasm

Answer

Endoplasm

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of molecules

Answer

Synthesis of lipids

Answer

Breakdown of cellular waste

Answer

Production of ribosomes

Question 16

Which of the following cell organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

The selectively permeable membrane surrounding the cell, regulating the passage of substances, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Nuclear membrane

Answer

Lysosomal membrane

Question 18

Which type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells, ensuring the equal distribution of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 19

Identify the primary source of energy forcellular processes and the molecule that undergoes breakdown to release energy:

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Lipid

Answer

Protein

Answer

Vitamin

Question 20

Which of the following processes is NOT a type of passive transport, where substances move across the cell membrane without the use of energy?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 21

The nucleus, a prominent organelle in eukaryotic cells, serves the crucial function of:

Accepted Answer

Housing the genetic material

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Providing energy to the cell

Answer

Storing cellular waste

Question 22

Identify the process by which cells make exact copies of their genetic information prior to cell division:

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 23

The cell cycle, a fundamental process in cell biology, serves the purpose of:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring proper cell growth and reproduction

Answer

Detoxifying harmful substances

Answer

Regulating hormone levels

Answer

Producing energy for the cell