Blood: Composition, Function, and Clotting Mechanisms

Question 1

Which blood cell is responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Erythrocyte

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Platelet

Question 2

Which blood group is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

O

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

AB

Question 3

What is the primary buffer system responsible for maintaining pH balance in blood?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

Answer

Phosphate system

Answer

Protein system

Answer

Hemoglobin system

Question 4

What condition is characterized by an abnormally high number of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 5

What type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Vein

Answer

Capillary

Answer

Venule

Question 6

Which of the following is **NOT** a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Answer

Transport of nutrients

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Blood clotting

Question 7

Which blood cell is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Plasma

Question 8

What is the term for the liquid component of blood that carries dissolved substances?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Answer

Serum

Answer

Lymphatic fluid

Answer

Interstitial fluid

Question 9

Which of the following proteins plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Answer

Albumin

Answer

Globulin

Answer

Transferrin

Question 10

On average, what is the lifespan of a red blood cell in the human body?

Accepted Answer

90 days

Answer

30 days

Answer

60 days

Answer

120 days

Question 11

Which blood type has the ability to receive blood from all other blood types?

Accepted Answer

Blood type AB

Answer

Blood type A

Answer

Blood type B

Answer

Blood type O

Question 12

What is the term for the process of transporting blood **away from** the heart?

Accepted Answer

Venous circulation

Answer

Arterial circulation

Answer

Capillary circulation

Answer

Lymphatic circulation

Question 13

In the context of blood transfusions, discuss the crucial ethical and legal considerations, including informed consent, compatibility testing, and potential risks.

Accepted Answer

Potential risks of blood transfusions include allergic reactions and the transmission of infections.

Answer

Informed consent is not mandatory before administering a blood transfusion in emergency situations.

Answer

Compatibility testing is only required for large-volume blood transfusions.

Answer

Legal implications related to blood transfusions do not apply to minors.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Storing fats

Answer

Transporting nutrients and oxygen

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Fighting infections

Question 15

What is the main protein component of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Globulin

Answer

Fibrinogen

Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 16

What is the general term for the process by which blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis

Answer

Erythropoiesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fibrinolysis

Question 17

Which vitamin is essential for the formation of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 18

Which blood vessel carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 19

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Accepted Answer

7.35 - 7.45

Answer

6.8 - 7.2

Answer

7.8 - 8.2

Answer

8.4 - 8.8

Question 20

What is the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration of muscle tissue

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Transport of gases

Answer

Defense against infection

Question 22

What is the primary component of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Water (approximately 92%)

Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 23

Which blood cell is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell (Erythrocyte)

Answer

Platelet (Thrombocyte)

Answer

White blood cell (Leukocyte)

Answer

Macrophage

Question 24

What is the process by which blood forms clots to stop bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation (Blood clotting)

Answer

Erythropoiesis (Production of red blood cells)

Answer

Phagocytosis (Engulfing foreign particles by immune cells)

Answer

Hemolysis (Destruction of red blood cells)

Question 25

Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 26

What is the term for the abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Answer

Anemia (Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin)

Answer

Thrombocytopenia (Decreased platelet count)

Answer

Leukemia (Cancer of white blood cells)

Question 27

Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Vein (Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart)

Answer

Lymphatic vessel (Carries lymph, not blood)

Answer

Capillary (Microscopic blood vessel where gas exchange occurs)

Question 28

What is the primary function of the spleen in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Filter and store blood cells, removing old or damaged cells

Answer

Produce antibodies (Function of lymph nodes)

Answer

Regulate body temperature (Function of the hypothalamus)

Answer

Pump blood

Question 29

Which blood type is considered the "universal donor" because it can be transfused into individuals of any blood type?

Accepted Answer

O negative

Answer

AB positive

Answer

A positive

Answer

B negative