Muscles: Structure, Function, and Physiology for Sport

Question 1

Which factor does NOT affect muscle strength and endurance?

Accepted Answer

Muscle elasticity

Answer

Muscle fiber composition

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Rest and recovery

Question 2

What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Myofilament

Question 3

Which protein constitutes the thin filaments within a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Actin

Answer

Myosin

Answer

Troponin

Question 4

What is the primary function of the neuromuscular junction in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Transmits nerve impulses to the muscle

Answer

Regulates muscle length

Answer

Provides energy for contraction

Question 5

Which type of muscle fiber exhibits high force-generating capacity but fatigues rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Question 6

What is the primary function of the Golgi tendon organ?

Accepted Answer

Sensing muscle length and tension

Answer

Transmitting nerve impulses to the brain

Answer

Regulating muscle relaxation

Question 7

Which type of joint movement reduces the angle between two bones?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Abduction

Question 8

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Draining waste products

Answer

Providing nutrients

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 9

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by high glycolytic capacity and rapid fatigue resistance?

Accepted Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type IV

Question 10

What type of muscle action shortens the muscle?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isotonic

Question 11

Which theory explains the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sliding filament theory

Answer

Tension-compression theory

Answer

Torsional theory

Answer

Geometric theory

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Producing energy through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Storing calcium ions

Answer

Actively transporting calcium ions

Answer

Passively transporting calcium ions

Question 13

Where does the neuromuscular junction occur?

Accepted Answer

End plate

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Question 14

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Calves

Answer

Glutes

Question 15

What is the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers called?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Answer

Mysium

Answer

Perimysium

Answer

Epimysium

Question 16

Which tissue is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective

Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Smooth

Question 17

What is the primary role of actin and myosin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

To slide past each other, generating force

Answer

To bind calcium and stimulate contraction

Answer

To store energy for muscle relaxation

Answer

To transmit nerve impulses

Question 18

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Stores calcium ions

Answer

Produces ATP for contraction

Answer

Transmits nerve impulses

Answer

Anchors muscle fibers to the bone

Question 19

What is the role of the agonist muscle in a muscle group?

Accepted Answer

Produces the primary movement

Answer

Opposes the movement of the agonist

Answer

Stabilizes the joint

Answer

Provides fine control of movement

Question 20

What is the process by which muscles adapt to increased demands?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Hyperplasia

Answer

Atrophy

Answer

Degeneration

Question 21

Identify the type of muscle tissue responsible for involuntary contractions, such as those involved in digestion:

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Visceral muscle

Question 22

What is the term for the shortening of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contraction

Answer

Relaxation

Answer

Extension

Answer

Flexion

Question 23

Identify the neurotransmitter that facilitates muscle contraction:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 24

Which type of muscle fiber excels in endurance activities due to its fatigue resistance?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type IIa

Question 25

The principle of muscle training that emphasizes increasing the intensity or duration of workouts to enhance muscle growth is known as:

Accepted Answer

Progressive overload

Answer

Specificity

Answer

Individuality

Answer

Reversibility

Question 26

Which common muscle injury is often associated with overuse?

Accepted Answer

Tendinitis

Answer

Fracture

Answer

Concussion

Answer

Sprain

Question 27

Identify the muscle responsible for extending the knee joint:

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Glutes

Answer

Calves