Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone regulation

Answer

Sensory signal transmission

Answer

Motor signal transmission

Answer

Autonomic nervous system control

Question 2

Which type of nerve carries motor impulses from the central nervous system to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Efferent nerves

Answer

Afferent nerves

Answer

Sensory nerves

Answer

Mixed nerves

Question 3

The correct sequence of components involved in a reflex arc is:

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Answer

Effector, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, receptor

Answer

Receptor, motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron, effector

Answer

Effector, motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron, receptor

Question 4

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles responsible for facial expressions?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Answer

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 5

The autonomic nervous system is divided into which two main branches?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer

Somatic and autonomic

Answer

Central and peripheral

Answer

Sensory and motor

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 7

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in:

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglia

Answer

Ventral root ganglia

Answer

Spinal cord gray matter

Answer

Brain stem nuclei

Question 8

The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses

Answer

Promoting 'rest-and-digest' activities

Answer

Regulating both 'fight-or-flight' and 'rest-and-digest' responses

Answer

Neither 'fight-or-flight' nor 'rest-and-digest' responses

Question 9

Which type of neuron transmits sensory impulses toward the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons

Answer

Motor neurons

Answer

Interneurons

Answer

Sympathetic neurons

Question 10

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Question 11

Which structure houses the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia

Answer

Nerve roots

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 12

Which nerve type carries both sensory and motor fibers?

Accepted Answer

Mixed nerve

Answer

Somatic nerve

Answer

Autonomic nerve

Answer

Cranial nerve

Question 13

Which clinical condition arises from damage to peripheral nerves?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 14

Which sensory receptors specifically detect temperature changes?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptors

Answer

Mechanoreceptors

Answer

Chemoreceptors

Answer

Nociceptors

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter plays a role in transmitting pain signals to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Substance P

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of ganglion found in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellar Ganglion

Answer

Spinal Ganglion

Answer

Autonomic Ganglion

Answer

Cranial Ganglion

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Sensory reception

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Coordination of reflexes

Question 18

What is the primary role of a sensory receptor?

Accepted Answer

To transform physical stimuli into electrical signals

Answer

To transmit sensory signals to the central nervous system

Answer

To initiate motor responses

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Question 19

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate involuntary bodily functions

Answer

To control conscious movements

Answer

To transmit sensory information

Answer

To maintain body temperature

Question 20

When a basketball player is about to shoot, which type of neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting the signal from the brain to the muscles performing the movement?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Question 21

A cyclist is about to start a race and adjusts their seat position. Which part of the peripheral nervous system is primarily responsible for this voluntary action?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 22

A swimmer experiences a sharp pain in their finger after hitting the pool ladder. Which type of receptor is most likely responsible for transmitting this pain sensation?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptor

Answer

Thermoreceptor

Answer

Photoreceptor

Answer

Mechanoreceptor

Question 23

Which division of the autonomic nervous system plays a primary role in preparing the body for 'flight or fight' responses during strenuous exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 24

A group of cell bodies of neurons is located outside the central nervous system. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Answer

Sensory receptor

Answer

Axon bundle

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a component of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Receptor

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a reflex action?

Accepted Answer

Blinking in response to a bright light

Answer

Choosing to drink a glass of water

Answer

Recalling a childhood memory

Answer

Planning a workout routine

Question 27

An athlete experiences a sudden loss of sensation in their leg after a fall. Which of the following could potentially explain this loss of sensation?

Accepted Answer

Damage to a peripheral nerve

Answer

Damage to the spinal cord

Answer

Increased blood flow to the leg

Answer

Damage to the cerebrum