Reproductive Hormones: A Comprehensive Guide for Sport Science Students

Question 1

Which hormone causes the release of an egg from the ovary and marks the start of the luteal phase in the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 2

Which hormone triggers the surge in LH that initiates ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 3

Which hormone primarily stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone, initiating the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 4

During the menstrual cycle, what is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Release the egg from the ovary

Answer

Thicken the uterine lining

Answer

Stimulate the production of FSH

Question 5

Which hormone triggers ovulation, releasing the egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

LH

Answer

FSH

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 6

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining?

Accepted Answer

Menstrual phase

Answer

Follicular phase

Answer

Ovulatory phase

Answer

Luteal phase

Question 7

Which option is not a female reproductive hormone?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 8

In breastfeeding, what is the role of prolactin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate milk production

Answer

Inhibit milk production

Answer

Trigger the release of oxytocin

Answer

Prevent pregnancy

Question 9

Which hormone initiates the menstrual cycle by stimulating the development of follicles in the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 10

What is the primary role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Triggers ovulation by causing the dominant follicle to rupture

Answer

Promotes the thickening of the uterine lining

Answer

Stimulates the production of estrogen

Answer

Inhibits the secretion of FSH

Question 11

Which hormone maintains the thickened uterine lining during pregnancy, preventing menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

FSH

Answer

LH

Question 12

What is the term for the feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries that regulates reproductive hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

Answer

Gonadotropic axis

Answer

Endocrine feedback loop

Answer

Hormonal cascade

Question 13

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To release chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream

Answer

To regulate metabolism and energy balance

Answer

To maintain body temperature

Answer

To fight infection

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Question 15

What is the main function of the corpus luteum?

Accepted Answer

To secrete progesterone

Answer

To release eggs

Answer

To stimulate FSH production

Answer

To inhibit LH release

Question 16

Which hormones are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast growth and facial hair?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and testosterone

Answer

FSH and LH

Answer

Progesterone and estrogen

Answer

LH and testosterone

Question 17

What is the main function of the placenta in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus

Answer

To produce hormones essential for pregnancy

Answer

To protect the fetus from harm

Answer

To expel waste products from the fetus

Question 18

Estrogen is a hormone that is primarily responsible for the development of which female secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged breasts and widened hips

Answer

Broader shoulders and a deeper voice

Answer

Increased muscle mass and facial hair

Answer

Increased libido and sex drive

Question 19

The corpus luteum is a temporary gland that forms on the ovary after ovulation. Its main function is to:

Accepted Answer

Produce estrogen and progesterone

Answer

Release an egg from the ovary

Answer

Prepare the uterus for implantation

Answer

Control the menstrual cycle

Question 20

The menstrual cycle consists of several distinct phases. Which of the following is NOT one of these phases?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy phase

Answer

Follicular phase

Answer

Ovulation

Answer

Luteal phase

Question 21

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone that is involved in female reproductive processes. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the growth and development of follicles in females

Answer

Triggering ovulation

Answer

Maintaining the corpus luteum

Answer

Preparing the uterus for implantation

Question 22

During pregnancy, progesterone is a hormone that plays a vital role in:

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the lining of the uterus

Answer

Stimulating the growth of the fetus

Answer

Preparing the body for labor and delivery

Answer

Preventing implantation

Question 23

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that plays a significant role in the regulation of reproductive processes. Its primary function in this context is to:

Accepted Answer

Secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Produce reproductive hormones

Answer

Control body temperature

Answer

Maintain blood glucose levels

Question 24

In the male reproductive system, the epididymis is a coiled tube that serves the primary function of:

Accepted Answer

Storing and maturing sperm

Answer

Producing sperm

Answer

Transporting sperm to the urethra

Answer

Regulating hormone production

Question 25

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy. Its main function is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain the corpus luteum during early pregnancy

Answer

Trigger ovulation

Answer

Stimulate the production of breast milk

Answer

Regulate the menstrual cycle