Running and Jumping Techniques: Biomechanics for Sport

Question 1

During the eccentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle in running, the muscle **does which of the following** while producing force?

Accepted Answer

lengthens

Answer

shortens

Answer

remains the same length

Answer

relaxes

Question 2

The **main function** of the patellofemoral joint during running is to:

Accepted Answer

transmit ground reaction forces.

Answer

extend the knee joint.

Answer

flex the knee joint.

Answer

stabilize the knee joint.

Question 3

Which of the following is **NOT** a factor that influences ground reaction force in running?

Accepted Answer

Age of the runner

Answer

Body weight

Answer

Running speed

Answer

Surface stiffness

Question 4

The **primary energy system** used during the acceleration phase of jumping is the:

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Alactic system

Question 5

Which of the following techniques can be used to **improve leg stiffness** for jumping?

Accepted Answer

Plyometric exercises

Answer

Weightlifting exercises

Answer

Static stretching exercises

Answer

Cardiovascular exercises

Question 6

In the long jump, the **optimal angle** of knee flexion at takeoff is approximately:

Accepted Answer

45-60 degrees

Answer

30-45 degrees

Answer

60-75 degrees

Answer

75-90 degrees

Question 7

The **main purpose** of dorsiflexion during the propulsion phase of running is to:

Accepted Answer

Increase stride length

Answer

Decrease ground reaction force

Answer

Improve foot stability

Answer

Reduce energy consumption

Question 8

Which of the following can be used to **measure the velocity** of a runner?

Accepted Answer

Accelerometer

Answer

Inclinometer

Answer

Dynamometer

Answer

Spirometer

Question 9

The **primary limiting factor** in the vertical jump is:

Accepted Answer

Body mass

Answer

Leg strength

Answer

Air resistance

Answer

Motivation

Question 10

Which foot strike pattern provides the best balance between running economy and performance?

Accepted Answer

Midfoot strike

Answer

Rearfoot strike

Answer

Forefoot strike

Answer

Foot strike pattern has no impact

Question 11

During the stance phase of running, which primary force propels the runner forward?

Accepted Answer

Ground reaction force

Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Aerodynamic force

Answer

Muscular force

Question 12

Which kind of ground reaction force features a vertical component exceeding the runner's body weight?

Accepted Answer

Vertical ground reaction force

Answer

Horizontal ground reaction force

Answer

Shear ground reaction force

Answer

Centripetal ground reaction force

Question 13

Which energy system supplies the bulk of energy during the initial moments of a sprint?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Answer

Lactic acid system

Question 14

Which jumping technique utilizes a countermovement to generate upward momentum?

Accepted Answer

Countermovement jump

Answer

Drop jump

Answer

Vertical jump

Answer

Standing broad jump

Question 15

Which muscle group plays the primary role in plantarflexing the ankle during the propulsion phase of jumping?

Accepted Answer

Calf muscles

Answer

Hamstrings

Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Gluteals

Question 16

During the landing phase of a jump, what is the key role of the eccentric phase of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing the impact force

Answer

Generating power

Answer

Stabilizing the body

Answer

Decelerating the body

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a core determinant of running speed?

Accepted Answer

Height of the center of mass

Answer

Stride length

Answer

Step rate

Answer

Ground contact time

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in the biomechanics of running?

Accepted Answer

Linear momentum

Answer

Force production

Answer

Energy transfer

Answer

Ground reaction forces

Question 19

What is the primary function of the hamstrings in running?

Accepted Answer

Knee flexion

Answer

Hip flexion

Answer

Knee extension

Answer

Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 20

What is the main purpose of the amortization phase in jumping?

Accepted Answer

To absorb impact forces and store elastic energy

Answer

To generate maximal force

Answer

To control landing forces

Answer

To reduce impact on the joints

Question 21

What is the optimal stride length for running?

Accepted Answer

Varies depending on running speed and individual characteristics

Answer

Equal to hip height

Answer

Equal to leg length

Answer

Equal to 1.5 times leg length

Question 22

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee during the push-off phase of running?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Calves

Answer

Glutes

Answer

Hamstrings

Question 23

What is the primary force that propels a runner forward during each stride?

Accepted Answer

Ground reaction force

Answer

Drag force

Answer

Inertia

Answer

Gravity

Question 24

What is the primary function of the hamstring muscles during the loading phase of jumping?

Accepted Answer

To eccentrically control knee flexion

Answer

To concentrically extend the knee

Answer

To generate power for takeoff

Answer

To stabilize the hip joint

Question 25

Which running technique error is a common cause of injuries?

Accepted Answer

Over-striding

Answer

Fast arm swing

Answer

Short stride length

Answer

High knee lift