Energy Systems and Metabolism: The Fuel for Exercise

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary energy substrate for the ATP-PC system?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 2

Which metabolic pathway can generate ATP without direct oxygen consumption?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 3

Which factor does NOT directly influence the rate of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP concentration

Answer

NADH and FADH2 availability

Answer

Muscle temperature

Answer

Oxygen availability

Question 4

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphohexose isomerase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 5

Which factor does NOT influence the efficiency of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal status

Answer

Substrate availability

Answer

Oxygen availability

Answer

Muscle temperature

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a high-energy phosphate compound involved in cellular energy systems?

Accepted Answer

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

Question 7

Which energy system contributes primarily to energy provision for short-duration, high-intensity activities?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Creatine kinase system

Question 8

Identify the primary substrate for glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 9

In oxidative phosphorylation, identify the electron acceptor.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

NADH

Answer

FADH2

Answer

Coenzyme Q

Question 10

Which training method is most effective for enhancing the activity of oxidative enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Endurance training

Answer

Interval training

Answer

Strength training

Answer

Plyometric training

Question 11

What is the main byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

ATP

Question 12

What is the primary function of mitochondria in energy production?

Accepted Answer

Site of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Storage of glycogen

Answer

Production of lactate

Answer

Utilization of ATP

Question 13

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the ATP-PC energy system?

Accepted Answer

Dependence on oxygen

Answer

Rapid energy provision

Answer

Limited energy stores

Answer

High efficiency

Question 14

What metabolic process converts lactate back to glucose in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 15

Explain the crucial role of mitochondria in energy production during exercise. Additionally, discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to metabolic disorders.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are the primary organelles responsible for generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy for muscular contractions during exercise. Mitochondrial dysfunction can impair ATP production, leading to fatigue and reduced exercise performance.

Answer

Mitochondria regulate blood sugar levels by storing excess glucose as glycogen. Mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt glucose metabolism, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Answer

Mitochondria are involved in protein synthesis, and their dysfunction can lead to muscle weakness and impaired recovery from exercise.

Answer

Mitochondria are responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions, which regulate muscle contractions. Mitochondrial dysfunction can disrupt calcium homeostasis, leading to impaired muscle function and exercise intolerance.

Question 16

During the initial phase of a maximal sprint, lasting approximately 10 seconds, which energy system is primarily responsible for providing energy?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Lactic acid system

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Which substance serves as the primary substrate for the energy system known as glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 18

In the context of oxidative phosphorylation, which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for controlling the rate of glycolysis and is commonly referred to as the rate-limiting enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Answer

Hexokinase

Question 20

When examining the factors that influence the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, which of the listed options is NOT considered a key factor?

Accepted Answer

pH

Answer

ADP availability

Answer

Oxygen availability

Answer

Substrate availability

Question 21

For oxidative phosphorylation to occur, what is the primary substrate that is utilized?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl Co-A

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glucose

Question 22

The Cori cycle primarily serves which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate glucose in the liver

Answer

To produce ATP

Answer

To regulate the rate of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

To transport electrons