Energy Metabolism in Athletes: Fueling Performance

Question 1

Compare the phosphagen and aerobic energy systems, outlining their advantages and disadvantages for athletic performance.

Accepted Answer

Phosphagen System:
 - Rapid power output
 - Short duration
Aerobic System:
 - Slower power output
 - Sustained duration

Answer

Phosphagen System:
 - Lower power output
 - Longer duration
Aerobic System:
 - Higher power output
 - Shorter duration

Answer

Phosphagen System:
 - Less efficient
 - More fatigue
Aerobic System:
 - More efficient
 - Less fatigue

Answer

Phosphagen System:
 - Slow recovery
 - Quicker power output
Aerobic System:
 - Quick recovery
 - Less power output

Question 2

To optimize energy levels during an intense workout, which pre-workout meal would be most beneficial for a strength athlete?

Accepted Answer

Meal mainly containing carbohydrates

Answer

Meal mainly containing protein

Answer

Meal mainly containing fat

Answer

Meal mainly containing fiber

Question 3

Which of the following energy systems is NOT involved in energy production during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Phosphocreatine system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Which nutrient serves as the primary fuel source for the glycolytic system?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Creatine

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 5

What is the main role of creatine in the phosphocreatine system?

Accepted Answer

To store and release energy for high-intensity activities

Answer

To neutralize lactic acid and delay muscle fatigue

Answer

To enhance glucose transport into muscle cells

Answer

To control the rate of glycolysis

Question 6

Which factor does NOT influence the rate of oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Environmental temperature

Answer

Oxygen availability

Answer

Muscle fiber composition

Answer

Training status

Question 7

Which food item represents a good example of a low-glycemic index carbohydrate option?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal

Answer

White bread

Answer

Candy

Answer

Fruit juice

Question 8

During the initial 10 seconds of a sprint, which energy system is predominantly utilized?

Accepted Answer

Phosphocreatine

Answer

Glycogen-lactic

Answer

Glycogen-oxidative

Answer

Fat

Question 9

For the glycogen-lactic energy system, what is its primary substrate?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Creatine

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Amino acids

Question 10

Which factor does NOT influence the duration of the glycogen-oxidative energy system?

Accepted Answer

Body mass

Answer

Muscle glycogen stores

Answer

Training status

Answer

Environmental conditions

Question 11

How does carbohydrate consumption prior to exercise primarily impact energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Extends the duration of the glycogen-lactic system

Answer

Enhances phosphocreatine reserves

Answer

Increases fat oxidation

Answer

Reduces production of lactic acid

Question 12

Which supplement has limited evidence supporting its ergogenic effects?

Accepted Answer

Beta-alanine

Answer

Creatine

Answer

Caffeine

Answer

Bicarbonate

Question 13

Which food is considered a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Candy bar

Answer

Fruit juice

Question 14

In energy metabolism for athletes, what is the primary function of protein?

Accepted Answer

Repairing and building muscle tissue

Answer

Serving as fuel during exercise

Answer

Facilitating glycogen storage

Answer

Enhancing fat oxidation

Question 15

Which potential consequence may arise from excessive protein consumption?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Improved muscle recovery

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Increased glycogen stores

Question 16

Which energy system primarily provides energy for the initial burst of a sprint, lasting approximately the first 10 seconds?

Accepted Answer

Phosphocreatine system

Answer

Alactic system

Answer

Lactic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Question 17

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the Oxidative system energy system?

Accepted Answer

Produces significant amounts of lactate

Answer

Relies on oxygen utilization

Answer

Employs carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as energy sources

Answer

Enables sustained exercise for extended periods

Question 18

How does increasing carbohydrate intake impact the Oxidative system's energy availability?

Accepted Answer

Increases glycogen stores

Answer

Reduces lactate production

Answer

Enhances fat utilization

Answer

Inhibits the Lactic system

Question 19

During a 100-meter sprint, which energy system is primarily responsible for producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP-PC system (phosphocreatine system)

Answer

Lactate system (anaerobic glycolysis)

Answer

Glycolytic system (anaerobic glycolysis)

Answer

Aerobic system

Question 20

Which factor DOES NOT directly influence the rate of glycogen depletion during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Amount of protein consumed in the pre-exercise meal

Answer

Intensity of exercise

Answer

Training status of the athlete

Answer

Duration of exercise

Question 21

A marathon runner is nearing the finish line. Which energy system is primarily contributing to their energy production at this point?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic system

Answer

Lactate system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

ATP-PC system

Question 22

What is the primary aim of carbohydrate loading for athletes?

Accepted Answer

To maximize glycogen stores for prolonged endurance events

Answer

To enhance fat burning during exercise

Answer

To improve recovery from intense training

Answer

To increase muscle protein synthesis

Question 23

Which nutritional strategy is MOST effective for athletes to replenish glycogen stores after a long, intense training session?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-carbohydrate meal within 2 hours of finishing the session

Answer

Consuming a balanced meal with moderate carbohydrates and protein

Answer

Avoiding carbohydrates for 24 hours to promote fat burning

Answer

Consuming a high-protein meal to maximize muscle growth

Question 24

An athlete experiences fatigue during a long-distance race. This fatigue is MOST likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Depletion of glycogen stores

Answer

Increased protein synthesis

Answer

Reduced oxygen uptake

Answer

Dehydration

Question 25

Which nutritional strategy is MOST likely to improve performance in a high-intensity, short-duration event like a 400m race?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-carbohydrate diet leading up to the event

Answer

Consuming a balanced diet with moderate carbohydrates and protein

Answer

Focusing on protein intake to enhance muscle growth

Answer

Restricting carbohydrate intake to increase fat burning

Question 26

How does the body adapt to endurance training over time?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density in muscle cells

Answer

Increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism

Answer

Decreased blood flow to muscles

Answer

Reduced glycogen storage capacity

Question 27

A strength athlete aims to increase muscle mass. Which nutritional strategy is MOST important to support their goal?

Accepted Answer

Consuming adequate protein to support muscle protein synthesis

Answer

Restricting carbohydrate intake to promote fat loss

Answer

Increasing fat intake to provide energy for training

Answer

Maintaining a balanced diet with moderate protein intake

Question 28

An athlete is experiencing prolonged low energy and fatigue. Which of the following is MOST likely contributing to this?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate nutrient intake, potentially due to restrictive dietary practices or disordered eating

Answer

Overtraining

Answer

Enhanced fat burning due to increased training volume

Answer

Increased muscle protein synthesis