Circuit Analysis: Master Electrical Circuit Fundamentals

Question 1

Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) states that:

Accepted Answer

The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving it

Answer

The sum of the currents in a closed loop is zero

Answer

The voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it

Answer

The power dissipated by a resistor is equal to the product of voltage and current

Question 2

The Thevenin equivalent circuit of a voltage source with internal resistance consists of:

Accepted Answer

A voltage source in series with a resistor

Answer

A current source in parallel with a resistor

Answer

A voltage source in parallel with a resistor

Answer

A current source in series with a resistor

Question 3

The units of electrical resistance are:

Accepted Answer

Ohms

Answer

Volts

Answer

Amperes

Answer

Watts

Question 4

Power dissipated in a resistor is given by the following formula:

Accepted Answer

P = I^2 * R

Answer

P = VI

Answer

P = V^2 / R

Answer

P = 0

Question 5

Which of the following is a non-ohmic device?

Accepted Answer

Diode

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Capacitor

Question 6

The impedance of a purely inductive circuit is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the inductive reactance

Answer

Zero

Answer

Infinite

Answer

Equal to the capacitive reactance

Question 7

The resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit occurs when:

Accepted Answer

XL = XC

Answer

XL > XC

Answer

XL < XC

Answer

R = 0

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental electrical quantity?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Resistance

Question 9

Ohm's law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor is:

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it (I = V/R)

Answer

Inversely proportional to the voltage (V) across it (I = R/V)

Answer

Proportional to the square of the voltage (V) across it ( I = V^2/R)

Answer

Independent of the voltage (V) across it

Question 10

Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) states that the algebraic sum of the currents entering a junction is:

Accepted Answer

Zero (ΣI_in = ΣI_out)

Answer

Greater than zero (ΣI_in > ΣI_out)

Answer

Less than zero (ΣI_in < ΣI_out)

Answer

Independent of the currents leaving the junction

Question 11

The Thevenin equivalent of a circuit is a:

Accepted Answer

Voltage source in series with a resistor

Answer

Voltage source in parallel with a resistor

Answer

Current source in series with a resistor

Answer

Current source in parallel with a resistor

Question 12

In a series circuit, the total resistance (R_T) is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual resistances (R_T = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n)

Answer

Less than the sum of the individual resistances (R_T < R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n)

Answer

Greater than the sum of the individual resistances (R_T > R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n)

Answer

Independent of the individual resistances

Question 13

The power (P) dissipated in a resistor is:

Accepted Answer

Proportional to the square of the current (I) flowing through it (P = I^2 * R)

Answer

Inversely proportional to the square of the current (I) flowing through it (P = 1/I^2 * R)

Answer

Proportional to the voltage (V) across it (P = V^2 / R)

Answer

Independent of the voltage (V) across it

Question 14

Which of the following is the unit of capacitance?

Accepted Answer

Farad

Answer

Henry

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Ampere

Question 15

Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a conductor is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the current times the resistance

Answer

Proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the resistance

Answer

Inversely proportional to the current and proportional to the resistance

Answer

Independent of the current and resistance

Question 16

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving the node.

Answer

The current through any branch of a parallel circuit is equal to the total current in the circuit.

Answer

The voltage across any component in a series circuit is equal to the total voltage in the circuit.

Answer

The power dissipated in a resistor is equal to the square of the current times the resistance.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a step in applying Thevenin's Theorem?

Accepted Answer

Replace the circuit with a voltage source and a resistor in series.

Answer

Find the open-circuit voltage across the terminals.

Answer

Find the short-circuit current through the terminals.

Answer

Calculate the Thevenin resistance.

Question 18

In a series circuit, the total resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Less than the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Greater than the sum of the individual resistances

Question 19

A capacitor is a device that:

Accepted Answer

Stores electrical energy in an electric field

Answer

Stores electrical energy in a magnetic field

Answer

Dissipates electrical energy as heat

Answer

Generates electrical energy

Question 20

The power factor of a circuit is:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of real power to apparent power

Answer

The ratio of apparent power to reactive power

Answer

The ratio of reactive power to real power

Answer

The ratio of voltage to current

Question 21

Which of the following instruments is used to measure voltage?

Accepted Answer

Voltmeter

Answer

Ammeter

Answer

Ohmmeter

Answer

Wattmeter

Question 22

A series circuit has components connected end-to-end, with the same current flowing through each component. Which is NOT a characteristic of a series circuit?

Accepted Answer

Current through each component is inversely proportional to its resistance.

Answer

Total resistance equals the sum of individual resistances.

Answer

Voltage across each component is proportional to its resistance.

Answer

Power dissipated by each component is proportional to its resistance.

Question 23

Capacitance measures a circuit's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field. Which factor does NOT affect capacitance?

Accepted Answer

Frequency of the applied voltage

Answer

Area of the plates

Answer

Distance between the plates

Answer

Material between the plates

Question 24

Inductance measures a circuit's ability to store electrical energy in a magnetic field. Which factor does NOT affect inductance?

Accepted Answer

Current flowing through the coil

Answer

Number of turns in the coil

Answer

Length of the coil

Answer

Cross-sectional area of the coil

Question 25

In a series circuit, the voltage across each component is directly proportional to its:

Accepted Answer

Resistance

Answer

Current

Answer

Power

Answer

Frequency

Question 26

Find the total resistance of a series circuit with three resistors having resistances of 2 ohms, 4 ohms, and 6 ohms.

Accepted Answer

12 ohms

Answer

2 ohms

Answer

18 ohms

Answer

24 ohms

Question 27

In a parallel circuit, what is true about the voltage distribution?

Accepted Answer

Voltage across each branch equals voltage across the circuit.

Answer

Voltage across each branch is inversely proportional to current.

Answer

Voltage across the circuit equals the sum of branch voltages.

Answer

Voltage across each branch depends on circuit configuration.

Question 28

Which law is NOT a fundamental principle of circuit analysis?

Accepted Answer

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Question 29

Ohm's law describes the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

Current, voltage, and resistance

Answer

Current, charge, and energy

Answer

Voltage, resistance, and capacitance

Answer

Power, energy, and time

Question 30

Which of Kirchhoff's laws relates to the conservation of charge?

Accepted Answer

Current law (KCL)

Answer

Power law

Answer

Voltage law (KVL)

Answer

Thevenin's theorem

Question 31

Thevenin's theorem is used to:

Accepted Answer

Represent a complex circuit with a simpler equivalent circuit

Answer

Calculate power consumption

Answer

Analyze AC circuits

Question 32

In a series circuit, the total resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Equal to the difference of the individual resistances

Answer

Equal to the product of the individual resistances

Answer

Inversely proportional to the individual resistances

Question 33

In a parallel circuit, the total current is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual currents

Answer

Equal to the product of the individual currents

Answer

Inversely proportional to the individual currents

Answer

Equal to the difference of the individual currents

Question 34

The unit of capacitance in the SI system is:

Accepted Answer

Farad (F)

Answer

Ohm (Ω)

Answer

Volt (V)

Answer

Henry (H)

Question 35

An inductor stores energy in its:

Accepted Answer

Magnetic field

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Voltage

Question 36

A transformer is used to:

Accepted Answer

Change the voltage level of an AC signal while maintaining power

Answer

Convert AC to DC

Answer

Amplify a signal

Answer

Store energy

Question 37

Classify the following element: Which of the following is NOT a passive circuit component?

Accepted Answer

Voltage source

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Resistor

Question 38

According to Ohm's law, the current flowing through a resistor is directly proportional to which circuit parameter?

Accepted Answer

Voltage across the resistor

Answer

Length of the resistor

Answer

Material of the resistor

Answer

Temperature of the resistor

Question 39

In a series circuit, the voltage across each component:

Accepted Answer

Equals the voltage across the entire circuit

Answer

Is inversely proportional to the resistance of the component

Answer

Is proportional to the resistance of the component

Question 40

Capacitors primarily serve to:

Accepted Answer

Store electrical energy

Answer

Block electrical current

Answer

Generate electrical current

Answer

Enhance electrical current

Question 41

An inductor in a circuit:

Accepted Answer

Resists changes in current

Answer

Has no effect on current

Answer

Enhances changes in current

Answer

Facilitates current flow

Question 42

The unit of electrical resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Ohm

Answer

Watt

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt