Communication Theory: Master the Basics for Media Studies

Question 1

Which communication theory highlights the active role of audiences in shaping their media experiences?

Accepted Answer

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Answer

Sender-Receiver Model

Answer

Gatekeeper Model

Question 2

Which communication model assumes that communication occurs in a linear, one-way direction, with a sender transmitting information directly to a receiver?

Accepted Answer

Sender-Receiver Model

Answer

Transactional Model

Answer

Gatekeeper Model

Answer

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Question 3

According to the gatekeeper theory, who possesses the authority to decide which information is shared with the public?

Accepted Answer

Editors or journalists

Answer

Politicians

Answer

Media owners

Answer

Celebrities

Question 4

Which form of communication is NOT classified as verbal?

Accepted Answer

Non-verbal

Answer

Written

Answer

Spoken

Answer

Text

Question 5

The process of extracting meaning from communication signals is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Decoding

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Interpreting

Answer

Understanding

Question 6

Which communication channel is generally considered to be most direct and immediate?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal communication

Answer

Telephone conversation

Answer

Email correspondence

Answer

Social media interaction

Question 7

In communication theory, the term 'framing' refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Way in which information is presented and structured

Answer

Effectiveness of a communication message

Answer

Target audience of a communication

Answer

Ethical implications of communication

Question 8

The concept of 'agenda-setting' in communication theory suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The media shapes public perception of important issues

Answer

Public opinion influences the media's choice of topics

Answer

There is no significant relationship between the media and public opinion

Answer

The media simply mirrors public opinion

Question 9

How does agenda-setting theory contribute to media literacy and responsible citizenship?

Accepted Answer

Enables individuals to analyze media coverage and its influence on public opinion.

Answer

Provides a complete understanding of all societal issues through media.

Answer

Reduces the need for independent research and critical thinking.

Question 10

Which component of the sender-receiver model represents the person or entity sending the message?

Accepted Answer

Sender

Answer

Channel

Answer

Message

Answer

Receiver

Question 11

Which communication theory highlights the impact of cultural backgrounds on media consumption patterns?

Accepted Answer

Cultural Studies

Answer

Cognitive Theory

Answer

Functionalist Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Question 12

The process of encoding a message involves:

Accepted Answer

Converting thoughts into a transmittable form

Answer

Selecting an appropriate communication channel

Answer

Receiving and interpreting the message

Answer

Providing feedback to the sender

Question 13

Interruptions and distractions during communication can be categorized as:

Accepted Answer

Barriers to effective communication

Answer

Feedback mechanisms

Answer

Encoding errors

Answer

Receiver biases

Question 14

The systematic study of the effects of media on individuals and society is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Mass Communication Research

Answer

Media Analysis

Answer

Content Examination

Answer

Communication Psychology

Question 15

According to the gatekeeper model, who has the power to determine which messages are passed on to the public?

Accepted Answer

Media professionals

Answer

Government officials

Answer

Audiences

Answer

Advertisers

Question 16

Which of the following is a key assumption of uses and gratifications theory?

Accepted Answer

Audiences use media to fulfill specific needs and desires.

Answer

Audiences are passive recipients of media messages.

Answer

Media effects are predictable and universal.

Answer

Media has a powerful influence on society.

Question 17

What is the main difference between the Shannon-Weaver model and the Schramm model of communication?

Accepted Answer

The Schramm model includes feedback, while the Shannon-Weaver model does not.

Answer

The Shannon-Weaver model focuses on mathematical aspects of communication, while the Schramm model emphasizes social aspects.

Answer

The Schramm model is more complex than the Shannon-Weaver model.

Answer

There is no significant difference between the two models.

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of the regulatory framework for media in the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

To ensure media diversity and pluralism

Answer

To protect national security

Answer

To promote economic growth

Answer

To control the dissemination of information

Question 19

Which element is NOT included in the sender-receiver model of communication?

Accepted Answer

Feedback

Answer

Sender

Answer

Receiver

Answer

Message

Question 20

Which theory proposes that audiences actively use media to fulfill specific needs and desires?

Accepted Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Answer

Cultivation theory

Answer

Agenda-setting theory

Answer

Limited effects theory

Question 21

What is the primary distinction between the sender-receiver model and the transactional model of communication?

Accepted Answer

The transactional model incorporates feedback, while the sender-receiver model does not.

Answer

The sender-receiver model focuses on the sender, while the transactional model emphasizes the receiver.

Answer

The sender-receiver model assumes a linear flow, while the transactional model is non-linear.

Answer

The transactional model is more relevant to modern communication technologies, unlike the sender-receiver model.

Question 22

What is the fundamental assumption underlying the cultivation theory?

Accepted Answer

Media exposure significantly shapes our perceptions of reality.

Answer

Media exposure has minimal impact on our beliefs and attitudes.

Answer

Media exposure is only harmful if it is violent or graphic.

Answer

Media exposure is equally influential across all demographic groups.

Question 23

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the communication process, beginning with the conversion of the message and ending with the provision of feedback.

Accepted Answer

Encoding -> Transmission -> Decoding -> Feedback

Answer

Decoding -> Transmission -> Encoding -> Feedback

Answer

Transmission -> Encoding -> Decoding -> Feedback

Answer

Feedback -> Transmission -> Encoding -> Decoding

Question 24

Which communication model highlights the influential role of a third party in regulating the flow of information?

Accepted Answer

Gatekeeper Model

Answer

Sender-Receiver Model

Answer

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 25

In the sender-receiver model of communication, what is the primary function of the encoding stage?

Accepted Answer

To transform the message into a format suitable for transmission to the recipient.

Answer

To stimulate feedback from the receiver regarding the effectiveness of the message.

Answer

To interpret the message received from the sender.

Question 26

Which communication theory centers on the motivations behind individuals' selective use of media platforms and content?

Accepted Answer

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer

Agenda-Setting Theory

Answer

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Question 27

Which element is excluded from the diffusion of innovation theory?

Accepted Answer

Relative disadvantage

Answer

Observability

Answer

Compatibility

Answer

Trialability

Question 28

In the context of communication, the primary purpose of feedback is to:

Accepted Answer

Evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the communication.

Answer

Transmit the message from the sender to the receiver.

Answer

Initiate the communication process.

Answer

Interpret the message received from the sender.

Question 29

Which communication model is commonly used to illustrate the dissemination of rumors or false information?

Accepted Answer

Two-Step Flow of Communication

Answer

Agenda-Setting Theory

Answer

Gatekeeper Model

Answer

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Question 30

Identify the main criticism of the sender-receiver model of communication:

Accepted Answer

It neglects factors such as noise and feedback, presenting a simplistic linear view of communication.

Answer

It fails to account for cultural and social contexts.

Answer

It is overly complex and impractical for real-world applications.

Question 31

Which characteristics are essential for effective communication?

Accepted Answer

Clarity, brevity, and consideration of cultural nuances.

Answer

Emotional language, subjective opinions, and lack of focus.

Answer

Complexity, ambiguity, and excessive formality.

Question 32

What is the primary goal of employing active listening skills in communication?

Accepted Answer

To demonstrate understanding, encourage participation, and minimize misunderstandings.

Answer

To assert dominance, interrupt others, and convey disinterest.

Answer

To avoid responsibility, provide minimal feedback, and appear unengaged.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to effective communication?

Accepted Answer

Empathy and open-mindedness

Answer

Language barriers and environmental noise

Answer

Lack of trust and credibility

Answer

Cultural biases and preconceived notions

Question 34

The Uses and Gratifications Theory assumes that media audiences:

Accepted Answer

Consume media primarily to fulfill their individual needs and motivations.

Answer

Are passive recipients of media messages.

Answer

Are primarily influenced by the content of media messages.

Answer

Have little control over the media messages they consume.

Question 35

In the transactional model of communication, which characteristic plays a crucial role?

Accepted Answer

Meaning is jointly created through shared understanding between sender and receiver.

Answer

Communication flows strictly from sender to receiver.

Answer

Gatekeepers have absolute power over information dissemination.

Answer

Senders possess complete control over message content and interpretation.

Question 36

Which communication theory emphasizes the audience's active role in selecting, interpreting, and using messages to meet their needs?

Accepted Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Answer

Transactional model

Answer

Gatekeeper model

Answer

Sender-receiver model

Question 37

In the gatekeeper model of communication, what is the primary responsibility of a gatekeeper?

Accepted Answer

To control and filter the flow of information

Answer

To generate and encode messages

Answer

To decode and interpret messages

Answer

To provide feedback to the sender

Question 38

Which component of the sender-receiver model involves converting the message into a form that can be transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Encoding

Answer

Decoding

Answer

Noise

Answer

Feedback

Question 39

Which theory proposes that media consumption influences our perceptions of social reality and norms?

Accepted Answer

Cultivation theory

Answer

Spiral of silence theory

Answer

Agenda-setting theory

Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Question 40

Which type of communication is characterized by high levels of interaction between communicators?

Accepted Answer

Interactive communication

Answer

Intrapersonal communication

Answer

Mass communication

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of providing feedback in the communication process?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate the effectiveness of the message and improve understanding

Answer

To initiate communication

Answer

To encode messages effectively

Question 42

Which theory emphasizes the influence of the communication context and participants' shared experiences on the communication process?

Accepted Answer

Transactional model

Answer

Sender-receiver model

Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Answer

Gatekeeper model

Question 43

In the sender-receiver model of communication, what is the role of noise?

Accepted Answer

To interfere with or distort the transmission of the message

Answer

To initiate the communication process

Answer

To provide feedback to the sender

Question 44

Which communication model suggests that individuals selectively expose themselves to media content that reinforces their existing beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Selective exposure theory

Answer

Spiral of silence theory

Answer

Uses and gratifications theory

Answer

Agenda-setting theory

Question 45

What is a key difference between interpersonal and mass communication?

Accepted Answer

The number of recipients of the message

Answer

The type of message being conveyed

Answer

The purpose of the communication