Respiratory Regulation: Master Breathing Control in Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the respiratory center, increasing breathing rate and depth?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Progesterone

Question 2

What type of feedback loop is utilized in the regulation of breathing to maintain optimal gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Ultradian feedback

Answer

Circadian feedback

Question 3

Which part of the brain serves as the primary controller of the rhythm of respiration?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Pons

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 4

What is the primary function of the surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

To increase the rate of gas exchange

Answer

To trap dust and debris

Answer

To produce antimicrobial peptides

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gas exchange, providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To filter and clean the air we breathe

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 6

Which of the following structures is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Larynx

Question 7

What is the name of the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a crucial role in inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Answer

Pectoralis major

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered a respiratory disorder?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary neural center responsible for regulating breathing rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pons

Question 10

What is the name of the reflex that causes inspiration to cease when lung volume is excessive?

Accepted Answer

Hering-Breuer reflex

Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Answer

Chemoreflex

Answer

Stretch reflex

Question 11

What is the primary function of the respiratory center in the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

To generate and coordinate respiratory movements

Answer

To detect changes in blood pH

Answer

To regulate heart rate

Answer

To control body temperature

Question 12

Which hormone is released during exercise and stimulates increased breathing rate?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Acid-base balance

Answer

Thermoregulation

Question 14

What is the term for the involuntary increase in breathing rate and depth that occurs when blood CO2 levels rise?

Accepted Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Hyperventilation

Answer

Hypoventilation

Answer

Dyspnea

Question 15

Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling the rate and depth of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Question 16

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

To decrease surface tension and allow alveoli to expand

Answer

To increase surface tension and prevent alveoli from collapsing

Answer

To produce mucus and trap foreign particles

Answer

To regulate the flow of air in and out of the lungs

Question 17

Which of the following diseases is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 18

What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

To contract and expand the chest cavity

Answer

To produce surfactant

Answer

To regulate the flow of air in and out of the lungs

Answer

To protect the lungs from infection

Question 19

What is the term for the process of exhaling carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Expiration

Answer

Inspiration

Answer

Perfusion

Answer

Diffusion

Question 20

Which of the following is a method used to measure lung function?

Accepted Answer

Spirometry

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Urinalysis

Question 21

What is the name of the condition in which the lungs become inflamed and filled with fluid?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 22

What is the primary factor that triggers the respiratory center to increase the breathing rate?

Accepted Answer

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Answer

Increased body temperature.

Answer

Increased oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 23

Which cranial nerve carries sensory information from the lungs and airways to the respiratory center in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 24

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to make the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 25

When blood pressure drops, which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to stimulate increased breathing?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 26

What is a common cause of respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Breathing too slowly or shallowly (hypoventilation).

Answer

Breathing too quickly and deeply (hyperventilation).

Answer

Metabolic acidosis.

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis.

Question 27

What is a key characteristic of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Airways that are overly sensitive to triggers, leading to narrowing.

Answer

Destruction of the air sacs in the lungs.

Answer

Chronic inflammation and mucus buildup in the airways.

Question 28

Which of the following is a common treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Surgery

Question 29

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between the body and the environment.

Answer

Eliminating waste products from the body.

Answer

Maintaining body temperature.

Answer

Nutrient absorption from food.