Synchronization and Deadlocks: Master Process Management Concepts

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of synchronization mechanism used to manage shared resources?

Accepted Answer

Deadlock

Answer

Mutex

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Monitor

Question 2

Which technique is employed to prevent deadlocks by ensuring that resources are allocated in a predefined, safe order?

Accepted Answer

Banker's algorithm

Answer

Mutex locks

Answer

Lamport's timestamping

Answer

Wound-wait algorithm

Question 3

Consider the following resource allocation graph: A -> B, B -> C, C -> A. Is this system currently in a deadlock state?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Answer

No

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 4

In a multitasking system, what is the potential consequence when one process attempts to acquire a lock that is currently held by another process?

Accepted Answer

The requesting process will be blocked until the lock is released

Answer

The requesting process will immediately acquire the lock

Answer

The system will enter a deadlock state

Answer

The operating system will terminate the requesting process

Question 5

What is the primary objective of deadlock recovery in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To detect and resolve deadlocks that have already occurred

Answer

To prevent deadlocks from occurring in the first place

Answer

To optimize system performance by minimizing resource contention

Answer

To ensure data integrity by preventing data corruption

Question 6

Which synchronization mechanism is NOT used for coordinating access to shared resources in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Mutex

Answer

Spin lock

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of using a semaphore in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate access to a shared resource

Answer

To prevent resource starvation

Answer

To ensure fair distribution of resources

Answer

To detect and resolve deadlocks

Question 8

Which deadlock prevention technique involves temporarily depriving processes of resources?

Accepted Answer

Preemption

Answer

Resource ordering

Answer

Hold and wait

Answer

Circular wait avoidance

Question 9

What key advantage does a mutex offer over a semaphore?

Accepted Answer

Exclusive access to a resource

Answer

Ease of implementation

Answer

Prevention of deadlocks

Answer

Enhanced efficiency in resource allocation

Question 10

What is the function of Banker's Algorithm in preventing deadlocks?

Accepted Answer

Allocates resources in a safe sequence

Answer

Frees resources when processes complete

Answer

Detects and terminates deadlocked processes

Answer

Prevents processes from entering a deadlocked state

Question 11

What is the central objective of deadlock recovery?

Accepted Answer

Releasing resources held by deadlocked processes

Answer

Restarting deadlocked processes

Answer

Preventing future deadlocks

Answer

Resolving resource conflicts

Question 12

What are the key components of a mutex lock that ensure mutually exclusive access to shared resources?

Accepted Answer

Shared counter, pointer to waiting queue, and lock flag

Answer

Semaphore, lock bit, and wait queue

Answer

Lock bit, atomic variable, and critical section

Answer

Thread ID, lock flag, and semaphore

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of a semaphore?

Accepted Answer

To protect access to shared data structures and synchronize processes

Answer

To prevent starvation

Answer

To detect deadlocks

Answer

To manage memory allocation

Question 14

What is the bankers algorithm primarily used for?

Accepted Answer

Preventing deadlocks

Answer

Detecting deadlocks

Answer

Recovering from deadlocks

Answer

Optimizing system performance

Question 15

What is the primary difference between a semaphore and a mutex?

Accepted Answer

A semaphore can have a value greater than 1, while a mutex cannot

Answer

A mutex can be used to protect multiple resources simultaneously, while a semaphore cannot

Answer

There is no essential difference between a semaphore and a mutex

Answer

A semaphore is a hardware device, while a mutex is a software construct

Question 16

What is the goal of deadlock avoidance?

Accepted Answer

To prevent deadlocks from occurring in the first place

Answer

To detect deadlocks and recover from them

Answer

To minimize the impact of deadlocks on system performance

Answer

To identify the root cause of deadlocks

Question 17

Which of the following is a symptom of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A process waits indefinitely for a resource

Answer

A process is terminated prematurely

Answer

The system crashes

Answer

The system runs out of memory

Question 18

What is the purpose of a deadlock detection algorithm?

Accepted Answer

To identify deadlocks in a system

Answer

To prevent deadlocks from occurring

Answer

To recover from deadlocks

Answer

To optimize system performance

Question 19

In deadlock recovery, which step entails terminating processes to release their held resources?

Accepted Answer

Resource preemption

Answer

Deadlock detection

Answer

Deadlock avoidance

Answer

Rollback

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a synchronization technique used in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Deadlock recovery

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Mutex

Answer

Lock

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of a mutex in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

To restrict access to a shared resource to a single process at any given time

Answer

To allow multiple processes to access a shared resource simultaneously

Answer

To detect and resolve deadlocks

Answer

To improve overall system performance

Question 22

What is the fundamental difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Preemptive scheduling allows a running process to be interrupted, while non-preemptive scheduling does not

Answer

Non-preemptive scheduling allows a running process to be interrupted, while preemptive scheduling does not

Answer

Preemptive scheduling is more efficient than non-preemptive scheduling

Answer

Non-preemptive scheduling is more efficient than preemptive scheduling

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of a critical section in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

To protect shared resources from concurrent access by multiple processes

Answer

To prevent deadlocks

Answer

To improve overall system performance

Answer

To synchronize processes

Question 24

What is the key distinction between a semaphore and a mutex?

Accepted Answer

A semaphore can be used to synchronize access to multiple resources, while a mutex can only synchronize access to a single resource

Answer

A mutex can be used to synchronize access to multiple resources, while a semaphore can only synchronize access to a single resource

Answer

Semaphores are more efficient than mutexes

Answer

Mutexes are more efficient than semaphores

Question 25

What synchronization mechanism ensures exclusive access to critical sections while allowing multiple concurrent accesses to shared resources?

Accepted Answer

Mutex

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Condition variable

Answer

Barrier

Question 26

Which primary function do semaphores serve in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating access to shared resources

Answer

Managing memory allocation

Answer

Implementing scheduling algorithms

Answer

Signaling events between processes

Question 27

Which characteristic is NOT associated with a deadlock?

Accepted Answer

Preemption

Answer

Mutual exclusion

Answer

Hold and wait

Answer

Resource sharing

Question 28

Which foundational algorithm is employed for deadlock prevention?

Accepted Answer

Banker's algorithm

Answer

Wound-wait algorithm

Answer

Dijkstra's algorithm

Answer

Chandy-Lamport algorithm

Question 29

Which deadlock recovery method involves terminating processes to break the deadlock cycle?

Accepted Answer

Process termination

Answer

Starvation prevention

Answer

Resource rollback

Answer

Deadlock avoidance

Question 30

How do semaphore wait() and signal() operations differ?

Accepted Answer

wait() decrements the semaphore value while signal() increments it.

Answer

signal() decrements the semaphore value while wait() increments it.

Answer

wait() and signal() have no effect on the semaphore value.

Answer

wait() sets the semaphore to zero while signal() sets it to one.

Question 31

What is the main purpose of a mutex in synchronization?

Accepted Answer

Enforce mutual exclusion for critical sections

Answer

Manage process priorities

Answer

Synchronize access to shared memory

Answer

Implement inter-process communication

Question 32

In a multithreaded environment, what is the primary function of a semaphore?

Accepted Answer

To guarantee exclusive access to shared resources, preventing race conditions

Answer

To detect and resolve deadlocks

Answer

To manage thread priorities and ensure fair resource allocation

Answer

To control memory allocation and prevent memory leaks

Question 33

Which of the following is a common prevention technique employed to avoid deadlocks?

Accepted Answer

Resource ordering

Answer

Deadlock detection and recovery

Answer

Mutual exclusion

Answer

Preemptive scheduling

Question 34

What is the primary objective of the Banker's Algorithm?

Accepted Answer

To detect potential deadlocks before resource allocation

Answer

To recover from deadlocks that have already occurred

Answer

To prevent deadlocks from forming altogether

Answer

To determine the optimal scheduling policy for threads

Question 35

Which of the following characteristics is NOT essential for a deadlock to occur?

Accepted Answer

Resource abundance

Answer

Mutual exclusion

Answer

Hold and wait

Answer

Circular wait

Question 36

What advantage does a mutex offer over a semaphore for implementing mutual exclusion?

Accepted Answer

Mutexes automatically release the lock when the thread holding it terminates

Answer

Mutexes are more efficient in terms of resource consumption

Answer

Mutexes support priority inheritance

Answer

Mutexes are more portable across different operating systems

Question 37

What is the primary goal of deadlock recovery mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the deadlock cycle and restoring system operation

Answer

Restarting the affected threads to retry their operations

Answer

Terminating all running processes to release resources

Answer

Rolling back system state to a previous checkpoint

Question 38

Which method is commonly used for deadlock avoidance in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

Distributed lock manager

Answer

Lamport's timestamp algorithm

Answer

Peterson's solution

Answer

Dijkstra's solution

Question 39

In process scheduling, what does starvation refer to?

Accepted Answer

A situation where a process is indefinitely denied access to resources

Answer

A situation where a process is given excessive resources

Answer

A situation where a process is terminated prematurely

Answer

A situation where a process experiences excessive context switching

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a synchronization mechanism used in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Processes

Answer

Semaphores

Answer

Mutexes

Answer

Locks

Question 41

Which of the following is a deadlock prevention technique?

Accepted Answer

Resource ordering

Answer

Deadlock detection

Answer

Recovery

Answer

Priority-based scheduling

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of a semaphore in synchronization?

Accepted Answer

To regulate access to shared resources.

Answer

To protect critical sections of code.

Answer

To detect and recover from deadlocks.

Answer

To improve system performance.

Question 43

What is the primary role of a mutex in synchronization?

Accepted Answer

To ensure exclusive access to shared resources.

Answer

To prevent deadlocks.

Answer

To coordinate access to semaphores.

Answer

To manage priority inversion.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of deadlock?

Accepted Answer

Priority inversion

Answer

Mutual exclusion

Answer

Hold and wait

Answer

Circular wait

Question 45

Which synchronization mechanism provides mutual exclusion but lacks a way to signal task completion?

Accepted Answer

Mutex

Answer

Semaphore

Answer

Monitor

Question 46

A process is in a 'waiting' state because it needs a resource currently held by another process. This scenario exemplifies which deadlock condition?

Accepted Answer

Hold and Wait

Answer

No Preemption

Answer

Circular Wait

Answer

Mutual Exclusion

Question 47

How can the 'Hold and Wait' condition be prevented?

Accepted Answer

Require a process to request all necessary resources before starting execution

Answer

Allow processes to preempt resources from each other

Answer

Break the circular wait by assigning a priority to resources

Question 48

Which deadlock recovery technique involves terminating one or more processes to resolve the deadlock?

Accepted Answer

Process Termination

Answer

Rollback

Answer

Resource Preemption

Answer

Deadlock Prevention

Question 49

A monitor is a high-level synchronization construct that provides which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Mutual Exclusion and Condition Variables

Answer

Virtual memory management and process scheduling

Answer

Deadlock detection and recovery algorithms

Answer

Semaphore operations and memory allocation

Question 50

Which statement best describes the 'No Preemption' condition in deadlocks?

Accepted Answer

A process cannot be forced to release a resource it is holding

Answer

A process must hold at least one resource before requesting another

Answer

Processes can request resources in any order

Question 51

Consider two processes, A and B, where each process is waiting for a resource held by the other. This scenario exemplifies which deadlock condition?

Accepted Answer

Circular Wait

Answer

Mutual Exclusion

Answer

No Preemption

Answer

Hold and Wait

Question 52

What is a potential drawback of using a deadlock detection algorithm?

Accepted Answer

It can impose significant overhead on the system by monitoring resource allocation

Answer

It can effectively prevent deadlocks from occurring

Answer

It is a straightforward and efficient method to handle deadlocks