Prostate Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management for Nurses

Question 1

What is the primary, non-modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Race

Answer

Diet

Answer

Smoking

Question 2

What is the most common metastatic site for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Brain

Question 3

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for developing prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Advanced age

Accepted Answer

Family history of prostate cancer

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Regular, vigorous physical activity

Question 4

What is the most common metastatic site for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Bones

Answer

Lymph nodes

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Question 5

Which of the following is the primary diagnostic test used to screen for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Answer

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

Answer

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

Answer

Biopsy

Question 6

For patients receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer, which nursing intervention is most essential?

Accepted Answer

Skin care management

Answer

Pain management

Answer

Emotional support

Answer

Urinary catheterization

Question 7

For localized prostate cancer, the most prevalent surgical approach is:

Accepted Answer

Radical prostatectomy

Answer

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Answer

Cryotherapy

Answer

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

Question 8

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is most commonly characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Pain in the bones

Answer

Enlarged lymph nodes

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Neurological symptoms

Question 9

In prostate cancer, which genetic alteration is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

TMPRSS2-ERG fusion

Answer

BRCA1 mutation

Answer

PTEN mutation

Answer

KRAS mutation

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms

Answer

Activation of the apoptotic pathway

Answer

Enhancement of the immune response against cancer cells

Question 11

The most common symptom experienced by individuals with prostate cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Urinary difficulties

Answer

Lower back pain

Answer

Blood in semen

Answer

Erectile dysfunction

Question 12

For localized prostate cancer, the primary treatment option is:

Accepted Answer

Radical prostatectomy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Hormone therapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 13

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) primarily works by:

Accepted Answer

Suppressing the production of testosterone

Answer

Blocking the receptors of testosterone

Answer

Stimulating the production of testosterone

Answer

Shrinking the size of the prostate

Question 14

What is the primary objective of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) therapy?

Accepted Answer

To target and eliminate prostate cancer cells specifically

Answer

To reduce testosterone production and suppress cancer growth

Answer

To prevent the spread of prostate cancer to other parts of the body

Answer

To alleviate urinary symptoms commonly experienced in prostate cancer patients

Question 15

Which anatomical site is most frequently affected by metastasis in prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Bones

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Brain

Question 16

Identify the hormone that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of prostate cancer:

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 17

The definitive diagnostic test for prostate cancer involves:

Accepted Answer

Biopsy of the prostate tissue

Answer

Blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate

Answer

Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the pelvic region

Question 18

Which of the following pharmacological therapies is typically considered the first-line treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Immunotherapy

Question 19

The most common side effect associated with androgen deprivation therapy is:

Accepted Answer

Hot flashes and sweating

Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular events

Answer

Gastrointestinal disturbances

Answer

Liver damage (hepatotoxicity)

Question 20

Which of the following conditions would be considered a contraindication to radical prostatectomy?

Accepted Answer

Metastatic disease

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Erectile dysfunction

Answer

Urinary incontinence

Question 21

The staging system most commonly employed for prostate cancer is:

Accepted Answer

TNM staging system

Answer

Dukes' staging system

Answer

FIGO staging system

Answer

Whitmore-Jewett staging system

Question 22

What is the primary mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of DNA repair

Answer

Stimulation of tumor suppressor genes

Answer

Blockage of angiogenesis

Question 23

What is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Answer

Liver

Answer

Brain

Answer

Lung

Question 24

Which of the following is a protective factor against prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Increasing age

Answer

African American race

Answer

Obesity

Question 25

Which histological subtype accounts for the majority of prostate cancer cases?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 26

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Advancing age

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 27

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to detect elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Complete blood count (CBC)

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 28

Radical prostatectomy is considered a first-line treatment option for:

Accepted Answer

Localized prostate cancer

Answer

Recurrent prostate cancer

Answer

Metastatic prostate cancer

Answer

Locally advanced prostate cancer

Question 29

Monitoring for skin reactions is an important nursing intervention during:

Accepted Answer

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Answer

Chemotherapy for prostate cancer

Answer

Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer

Answer

Targeted therapy for prostate cancer

Question 30

Advanced practice nurses (APNs) play a crucial role in prostate cancer care by:

Accepted Answer

Providing patient education and counseling

Answer

Performing surgical procedures

Answer

Interpreting imaging studies

Answer

Administering chemotherapy

Question 31

Which area of research is a high priority in the field of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Developing targeted therapies

Answer

Improving surgical techniques

Answer

Reducing the cost of treatment

Answer

Increasing public awareness

Question 32

Which diagnostic test is primarily used to screen for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test

Answer

Transrectal ultrasound

Answer

Cystoscopy

Answer

Biopsy

Question 33

Which of the following is a commonly used first-line pharmacological treatment for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Androgen deprivation therapy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Immunotherapy

Question 34

What is the most common histological type of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 35

What is a potential complication of radiation therapy for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Rectal bleeding

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 36

Which of the following is a dietary recommendation for patients with prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Limit red meat consumption

Answer

Consume large amounts of dairy products

Answer

Avoid fruits and vegetables

Answer

Increase sodium intake

Question 37

Which of the following is a role of the nurse in caring for a patient with prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Providing education about the disease and treatment options

Answer

Conducting research

Answer

Performing surgery

Answer

Prescribing medications

Question 38

Which of the following diagnostic tests is considered the primary screening tool for prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Transrectal ultrasound

Answer

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

Question 39

Which of the following Gleason scores indicates a more aggressive form of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Gleason score 9

Answer

Gleason score 4

Answer

Gleason score 5

Answer

Gleason score 6

Question 40

Which of the following factors is strongly associated with the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

High Gleason score

Answer

Early age at diagnosis

Answer

Low PSA level

Answer

Small tumor size

Question 41

Which of the following is a standard treatment option for hormone-refractory prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Hormonal therapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radiation therapy