Biotechnology: Applications in Medicine, Agriculture, and Industry

Question 1

Genetic engineering techniques enable scientists to:

Accepted Answer

Alter the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

Remediate environmental pollution

Answer

Clean up nuclear waste

Answer

Produce synthetic materials only

Question 2

Bioinformatics is a field that combines:

Accepted Answer

Biology, computer science, and information technology

Answer

Biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology

Answer

Physics, chemistry, and biology

Answer

Mathematics, statistics, and computer science

Question 3

Which ethical concern is unique to the use of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Genetic discrimination

Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Access to genetically modified foods

Answer

Animal welfare in research

Question 4

The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to:

Accepted Answer

Sequence the entire human genome

Answer

Identify disease-causing genes

Answer

Develop new gene therapies

Answer

Create genetically modified organisms

Question 5

Bioremediation involves:

Accepted Answer

Utilizing microorganisms to neutralize environmental pollutants

Answer

Employing chemical processes to degrade contaminants

Answer

Physically removing contaminated soil and water

Answer

Genetically engineering plants to absorb pollutants

Question 6

The Human Genome Project was a significant advancement in biotechnology because it:

Accepted Answer

Achieved all of the above

Answer

Identified all human genes

Answer

Provided insights into genetic diseases

Answer

Led to the development of personalized medicine

Question 7

Which technique is used in biotechnology to insert foreign genes into an organism?

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a biomaterial commonly used in medical applications?

Accepted Answer

Silk

Answer

Titanium

Answer

Polypropylene

Answer

Steel

Question 9

What is the process by which DNA is amplified using multiple cycles of heating and cooling?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Western blotting

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using biotechnology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Higher production costs

Answer

Increased crop yields

Answer

Improved resistance to pests and diseases

Answer

Lower pesticide use

Question 11

Which of the following is **not** an application of biotechnology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Production of biofuels

Answer

Development of new drugs

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Tissue engineering

Question 12

What is the process by which DNA is added to a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Replication

Question 13

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

What is the name of the molecule that carries genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 15

The application of biotechnology to develop innovative pharmaceuticals primarily falls under which category?

Accepted Answer

Medicine

Answer

Agriculture

Answer

Industry

Question 16

Which technique is commonly employed in biotechnology to amplify specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 17

Bioplastics exemplify biotechnology's application in:

Accepted Answer

Industry

Answer

Medicine

Answer

Agriculture

Question 18

Human insulin produced through biotechnology is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Tissue engineering

Question 19

The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine is a biotechnology application in:

Accepted Answer

Medicine

Answer

Agriculture

Answer

Industry

Question 20

Which of the following techniques is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 21

Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 22

Which of the following agencies is responsible for regulating biotechnology products in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a major application of biotechnology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Plant breeding

Answer

Development of new drugs

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Diagnostics

Question 24

Which enzyme is commonly used in the production of biofuels?

Accepted Answer

Cellulase

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Lipase

Question 25

What is the primary goal of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

To remove or reduce contaminants from the environment

Answer

To produce biofuels

Answer

To develop new drugs

Answer

To improve crop yields