Structure of Materials: Foundation for Material Properties and Engineering Design

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of crystal lattice?

Accepted Answer

Amorphous

Answer

Body-centered cubic

Answer

Face-centered cubic

Answer

Hexagonal close-packed

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of non-crystalline structure?

Accepted Answer

Amorphous

Answer

Cubic

Answer

Tetragonal

Answer

Orthorhombic

Question 3

What is the main force that holds atoms together in ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Metallic bonding

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Question 4

What is the Miller index of the plane that intersects the crystallographic axes at (2, 1, 4)?

Accepted Answer

(214)

Answer

(412)

Answer

(142)

Answer

(124)

Question 5

Which of the following materials exhibits a high degree of hardness?

Accepted Answer

Steel

Answer

Concrete

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Glass

Question 6

What is the fundamental difference between a primitive unit cell and a non-primitive unit cell?

Accepted Answer

Number of lattice points

Answer

Size

Answer

Shape

Answer

Number of atoms

Question 7

Which of the following materials has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure?

Accepted Answer

Graphite

Answer

Iron

Answer

Copper

Answer

Silicon

Question 8

How does cold working affect the mechanical properties of a material?

Accepted Answer

It increases the strength and hardness

Answer

It reduces the strength and hardness

Answer

It does not affect the mechanical properties

Answer

It increases the ductility

Question 9

Which type of chemical bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent

Answer

Ionic

Answer

Metallic

Answer

Van der Waals

Question 10

Which of the following factors does not influence the strength of a material?

Accepted Answer

Age of the material

Answer

Type of atomic bonding

Answer

Crystal structure

Answer

Grain size

Question 11

The ability of a material to resist deformation under an applied load is known as:

Accepted Answer

Strength

Answer

Toughness

Answer

Hardness

Answer

Stiffness

Question 12

Which of the following is a non-destructive testing method used to assess material integrity?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonic testing

Answer

Magnetic particle inspection

Answer

Tensile testing

Answer

Brinell hardness testing

Question 13

A phase diagram for a material illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

Relationship between temperature, pressure, and the material's phases

Answer

Composition and microstructure of the material

Answer

Mechanical properties of the material

Answer

Electrical properties of the material

Question 14

Which characteristic is typical of amorphous materials?

Accepted Answer

Short-range atomic order

Answer

Long-range atomic order

Answer

Crystalline structure

Answer

High melting point

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of chemical bond that forms between atoms or ions?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals forces

Answer

Ionic bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Metallic bonding

Question 16

Identify the option that does not represent a crystalline structure:

Accepted Answer

Glass

Answer

BCC

Answer

FCC

Question 17

Which crystal structure is most commonly observed in metals?

Accepted Answer

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Answer

Body-centered cubic (BCC)

Answer

Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)

Question 18

Identify the type of bond in which electrons are shared between atoms:

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Van der Waals bond

Question 19

What is the atomic phenomenon in solids wherein atoms oscillate around their equilibrium positions?

Accepted Answer

Thermal vibration

Answer

Elastic deformation

Answer

Plastic deformation

Answer

Diffusion

Question 20

Which material exhibits the highest modulus of elasticity?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Rubber

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Steel

Question 21

Describe the distinction between a unit cell and a crystal lattice:

Accepted Answer

A unit cell represents the smallest repeating structural unit, while a crystal lattice is the periodic arrangement of these unit cells throughout the material.

Answer

A crystal lattice is the smallest repeating structural unit, while a unit cell is the periodic arrangement of these crystal lattices throughout the material.

Question 22

In the context of materials science, what is the primary objective of annealing?

Accepted Answer

Relieve internal stresses and enhance ductility

Answer

Increase hardness and strength

Answer

Reduce grain size