Hair Structure: A Comprehensive Guide for Cosmetology Students

Question 1

Which layer of the hair shaft is comprised of overlapping scales that provide protection?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 2

What is the name of the sheath that encloses the hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

Root sheath

Answer

Bulb

Answer

Shaft

Question 3

Which type of cell produces the pigment melanin, responsible for hair color?

Accepted Answer

Melaninocytes

Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Sebocytes

Question 4

What is the term for the natural oils secreted by the sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Sebum

Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Question 5

What is the primary function of the hair cuticle?

Accepted Answer

Protection

Answer

Moisture retention

Answer

Elasticity

Question 6

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to hair loss?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 7

What is the common name for seborrheic dermatitis, a condition characterized by scalp flaking?

Accepted Answer

Dandruff

Answer

Dermatitis

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Eczema

Question 8

Which hair type is defined by its fine and straight texture?

Accepted Answer

Type 1A

Answer

Type 2B

Answer

Type 3C

Question 9

What is the benefit of using a protein treatment on hair?

Accepted Answer

Strengthens and repairs damaged hair

Answer

Enhances shine and volume

Answer

Removes product buildup

Question 10

Which layer of the hair shaft is made up of overlapping, scale-like cells that protect the hair shaft from external damage?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 11

Which cell in the hair follicle produces melanin, the pigment that gives hair its color?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte

Answer

Keratinocyte

Answer

Adipocyte

Question 12

Which type of bond is responsible for the shape and texture of hair?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Covalent bonds

Question 13

What is the name of the connective tissue sheath that surrounds the hair follicle and anchors it in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Hair shaft

Question 14

Which layer of the hair follicle is responsible for providing nutrients to the hair shaft as it grows?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Bulb

Question 15

What type of microscope would you use to examine the detailed structure of hair strands at a microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Dissecting microscope

Question 16

Which stage of the hair growth cycle is characterized by active hair growth and elongation?

Accepted Answer

Anagen

Answer

Catagen

Answer

Telogen

Question 17

What is the name of the opening in the skin where the hair shaft emerges?

Accepted Answer

Infundibulum

Answer

Hairline

Answer

Root

Question 18

Which hair type typically has a circular cross-section, making it appear straight?

Accepted Answer

Straight

Answer

Wavy

Answer

Curly

Question 19

What is the main structural protein found in hair strands, giving them strength and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Melanin

Answer

Collagen

Question 20

Which layer forms the outermost covering of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the hair growth cycle?

Accepted Answer

Exogen

Answer

Anagen

Answer

Catagen

Answer

Telogen

Question 22

Which layer of the hair shaft, composed of flat, overlapping scales, protects the inner layers from damage?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Medulla

Question 23

In which skin layer is the hair follicle located?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Answer

Epidermis

Answer

Hypodermis

Question 24

Which cells within the hair follicle matrix are responsible for producing hair fibers?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Capillary cells

Question 25

What is the name of the pigment that determines hair color?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Answer

Eumelanin

Answer

Pheomelanin

Question 26

Which hair shaft layer is responsible for its elasticity and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Question 27

What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

To erect hairs on the skin's surface

Answer

To produce sweat

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 28

What is the name of the fibrous protein that primarily constitutes the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Question 29

What is the main function of the sebaceous glands in relation to hair?

Accepted Answer

To secrete oil that lubricates and conditions the hair shaft

Answer

To produce hair color

Answer

To release hormones

Question 30

How does polarized light microscopy aid in examining the structure of the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Reveals the presence and orientation of birefringent structures within the hair shaft.

Answer

Measures the diameter and length of hair fibers.

Answer

Determines the chemical makeup of the hair shaft.

Answer

Identifies the growth phase of the hair.

Question 31

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily responsible for determining hair color and texture?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Question 32

What is the primary structural protein of hair?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Elastin

Question 33

What is the name of the canal in the skin that contains the hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

Infundibulum

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Papilla

Question 34

Which part of the hair follicle produces the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Bulb

Answer

Isthmus

Answer

Infundibulum

Question 35

What is the term for the active phase of hair growth?

Accepted Answer

Anagen

Answer

Catagen

Answer

Telogen

Question 36

What hair styling technique involves using heat to manipulate and shape the hair?

Accepted Answer

Thermal styling

Answer

Chemical styling

Answer

Mechanical styling

Question 37

Which hair care product is primarily used to cleanse the hair and remove dirt and oil?

Accepted Answer

Shampoo

Answer

Conditioner

Answer

Serum

Question 38

What is the recommended order for applying hair care products during a hair wash routine?

Accepted Answer

Shampoo, conditioner, styling product

Answer

Conditioner, shampoo, deep conditioner

Answer

Deep conditioner, shampoo, conditioner

Question 39

Which layer of the hair shaft is primarily responsible for its strength?

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Shaft

Question 40

Which of the following accurately describes the microscopic cells that make up the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Answer

Melanocytes

Answer

Matrix cells

Answer

Epidermal cells

Question 41

Within the hair follicle, which part plays a crucial role in the production of new hair?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Answer

Bulge

Answer

Papilla

Answer

Infundibulum

Question 42

The cuticle of the hair shaft primarily serves which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Protection from environmental damage

Answer

Provision of elasticity

Answer

Imparting color

Answer

Anchoring the hair to the scalp

Question 43

What is the primary chemical substance that constitutes hair?

Accepted Answer

Keratin and water

Answer

Collagen and elastin

Answer

Lipids and proteins

Answer

Minerals and vitamins

Question 44

Which condition is classified as a disorder that affects the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Split ends

Answer

Hair loss

Answer

Dandruff

Answer

Trichotillomania

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a recognized stage in the hair growth cycle?

Accepted Answer

Exogen

Answer

Anagen

Answer

Catagen

Answer

Telogen

Question 46

Which layer of the hair shaft is outermost, providing protection and composed of overlapping scales?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Question 47

Which part of the hair follicle is primarily responsible for initiating and Sustaining hair growth?

Accepted Answer

Hair bulb

Answer

Sebaceous gland

Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 48

The central portion of the hair shaft, containing pigment and providing strength, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Cortex

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Cuticle

Question 49

Which type of hair follicle produces the longest and thickest hairs on the body?

Accepted Answer

Primary hair follicle

Answer

Vellus hair follicle

Answer

Secondary hair follicle

Question 50

The innermost layer of the hair shaft, typically containing pockets of air and contributing to insulation, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Medulla

Answer

Cortex

Answer

Cuticle

Question 51

The cells that actively produce new hair are located within the:

Accepted Answer

Hair matrix

Answer

Nail matrix

Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 52

Which hormone is closely associated with promoting hair growth and development, especially in males?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone