Cell Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Year 12 Biology

Question 1

The primary function of the nucleus is to:

Accepted Answer

Store genetic information and control cell activities

Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Transport materials within the cell

Answer

Digest waste products

Question 2

In plant cells, vacuoles primarily serve the function of:

Accepted Answer

Storage of various substances

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Waste disposal

Question 3

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is involved in the breakdown of cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Lack of ribosomes

Answer

Absence of a cytoskeleton

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Digestion of cellular waste

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 7

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste and foreign substances

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storage of genetic information

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Microtubules

Answer

Intermediate filaments

Answer

Microfilaments

Question 9

What is the function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage and isolation of substances

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Transport of materials

Question 10

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through cellular respiration

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Waste disposal

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 11

Which of the following is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a defined nucleus

Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Larger size compared to eukaryotic cells

Answer

Complex cytoskeleton

Question 12

Which type of microscope allows us to observe the smallest structures of cells?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Answer

Light microscope

Answer

Scanning probe microscope

Answer

Atomic force microscope

Question 13

Which membrane surrounds a cell and controls what substances enter and leave?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nuclear membrane

Answer

Golgi membrane

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for housing the cell's genetic material, including DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

The key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells lies in the presence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell size

Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Ribosome structure

Question 16

Which of the following processes is NOT carried out by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

ATP production

Answer

Calcium storage

Question 17

Which organelle is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 18

Among the following organelles in a eukaryotic cell, which one is generally the largest in size?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

The fundamental difference between passive and active transport across a cell membrane lies primarily in their respective:

Accepted Answer

Energy requirement

Answer

Direction of movement

Answer

Transport mechanism

Answer

Type of substance transported

Question 20

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 21

What structure separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 22

Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 23

Which structure is responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Which organelle is involved in the destruction of cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 25

Which structure stores cellular materials such as water, salts, and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Vacuoles

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Which type of cell lacks a nucleus and most other membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Animal cell

Question 27

Which structure is involved in the transport of materials within the cell and can be smooth or rough?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Glyoxysomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 28

Which organelle is found in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 29

Which type of cell is found in animals and typically has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and various organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Fungal cell

Question 30

Which organelle synthesizes proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

Which structure stores substances and disposes of waste in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Vacuoles

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 33

Which organelle digests cellular waste and damaged organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 34

Which membrane regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nuclear membrane

Answer

Vacuole membrane

Question 35

Which type of transport involves the movement of substances across a membrane without using energy?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Active transport

Question 36

Which structure houses the cell's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 37

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 38

Which of these is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 39

Within both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the primary site where protein synthesis takes place is the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Oxidative phosphorylation, a vital process, occurs within the:

Accepted Answer

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 41

The organelle specialized in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids is the:

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 42

Exclusively found in eukaryotic cells, a defining characteristic is the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cell membrane

Question 43

The semi-permeable boundary surrounding the cell, regulating substance exchange, is the:

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 44

Intracellular digestion and waste disposal are primarily carried out by:

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Vacuoles

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 45

The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in:

Accepted Answer

Protein and lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein degradation and waste disposal

Answer

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer

Genetic material storage and replication

Question 46

Vacuoles primarily serve the function of:

Accepted Answer

Storing water and waste

Answer

Producing ATP

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Synthesizing lipids

Question 47

The nucleus, known as the control centre of the cell, contains the:

Accepted Answer

Genetic material

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 48

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Vacuole

Question 49

Which of the following is the site of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Nucleus

Question 50

Which structure separates prokaryotic cells from their surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Capsule

Question 51

Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

Which type of cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Plant cell

Question 53

Which organelle is responsible for the digestion of cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Peroxisome

Answer

Centrosome

Question 54

Which of the following is the storage organelle of plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 55

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Ribosome

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Larger size