Genetics and Health: Online Quizzes and Learning Resources

Question 1

Which of the following techniques directly examines DNA sequences to identify mutations?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

Biopsy

Question 2

Which of these genetic disorders is NOT caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Turner syndrome

Question 3

What is a defining characteristic of a dominant genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

It can be expressed in individuals with just one copy of the dominant allele.

Answer

It only appears in individuals with two copies of the recessive allele.

Answer

It is never present in individuals with one dominant and one recessive allele.

Question 4

Which genetic condition results from an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Trisomy 18

Answer

Fragile X syndrome

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis is an example of which type of inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked

Answer

Mitochondrial

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of a karyotype in genetic diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

To visualize the chromosomes in a cell

Answer

To identify specific genetic mutations

Answer

To determine the sex of an individual

Answer

To diagnose metabolic disorders

Question 7

Mitochondrial disorders are characterized by which mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

X-linked

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Can be acquired during a person's life

Answer

Caused by an alteration in the DNA sequence

Answer

Inherited from biological parents

Answer

Can have varying degrees of severity

Question 9

What is the primary ethical concern associated with genetic testing for genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining privacy and confidentiality

Answer

Ensuring cost-effectiveness

Answer

Guaranteeing wide availability

Answer

Verifying accuracy and reliability

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic disorder

Answer

Single-gene disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Multifactorial disorder

Question 11

What is the most common single-gene disorder in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 12

A genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a protein essential for DNA repair. Which inheritance pattern is most likely for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked dominant

Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 13

Which of the following is a genetic disorder caused by an abnormality in the number or structure of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 14

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation in a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Cancer

Question 15

What is the inheritance pattern for autosomal recessive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Recessive in both males and females

Answer

Dominant in females, recessive in males

Answer

Dominant in both males and females

Answer

Recessive in females, dominant in males

Question 16

Which diagnostic technique is used to detect specific genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Question 17

What is a potential ethical concern associated with genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Potential for discrimination

Answer

High cost

Answer

Inaccurate results

Answer

Limited availability

Question 18

Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 19

Which diagnostic method directly analyses the DNA sequence to identify genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Biochemical analysis

Answer

Prenatal testing

Question 20

Cystic fibrosis is an example of which type of genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Monogenic

Answer

Polygenic

Answer

Chromosomal

Answer

Mitochondrial

Question 21

What is the term for an individual who has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a genetic disorder and does not exhibit symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Carrier

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Affected

Question 22

Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with the characteristics of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Monosomy X

Answer

Turner's syndrome

Answer

Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a disorder that is influenced by multiple genes?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 24

What is a potential ethical concern associated with genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of discrimination

Answer

Early detection of genetic disorders

Answer

Identification of carriers of genetic disorders

Answer

Genetic counseling and support

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle choices

Answer

Mutations in DNA

Answer

Exposure to environmental toxins and radiation

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a type of chromosomal disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial disorder

Answer

Aneuploidy

Answer

Translocation

Answer

Deletion

Question 27

Classify the following disorder: A genetic condition caused by a defect in a single gene.

Accepted Answer

Single-gene disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Infectious disease

Answer

Polygenic disorder

Question 28

Which of these inheritance patterns is exemplified by Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant disorder

Answer

Autosomal recessive disorder

Answer

X-linked recessive disorder

Answer

Y-linked dominant disorder

Question 29

Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by:

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Trisomy 18

Answer

Deletion of chromosome 22

Answer

Duplication of chromosome 13

Question 30

Which of the following chromosomal disorders is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Turner syndrome

Answer

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer

Patau syndrome

Question 31

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in the hemoglobin gene

Answer

A deletion in chromosome 11

Answer

An extra copy of chromosome 21

Answer

A translocation between chromosomes 2 and 5

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a potential treatment for genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Prenatal diagnosis

Answer

Carrier screening

Question 33

What is the main purpose of carrier screening?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether an individual has a recessive allele for a genetic disorder

Answer

To predict the likelihood of a child inheriting a genetic disorder

Answer

To diagnose genetic disorders in a fetus

Answer

To treat genetic disorders

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Always curable with modern medicine

Answer

Caused by mutations in genes or chromosomes

Answer

Inheritable from parents

Answer

May have physical, mental, or biochemical manifestations

Question 35

What type of inheritance pattern is observed in autosomal dominant disorders?

Accepted Answer

Affected individuals inherit one copy of the mutated gene

Answer

Unaffected individuals cannot carry a copy of the mutated gene

Answer

Only males are affected

Answer

Only females are affected

Question 36

Which of the following genetic tests is primarily used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Question 37

Which type of genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Monogenic disorder

Answer

Polygenic disorder

Answer

Mitochondrial disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Question 38

What is the primary role of genetic counselors in managing genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Providing information and support to patients and families

Answer

Ordering and interpreting genetic tests

Answer

Developing and implementing treatment plans

Answer

Conducting research on genetic disorders

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a category of genetic disorders based on inheritance patterns?

Accepted Answer

Sporadic

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

X-linked

Question 40

A person with two normal alleles for the CFTR gene cannot develop cystic fibrosis. What is the mode of inheritance for cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Answer

Autosomal dominant

Answer

X-linked

Answer

Sporadic

Question 41

A karyotype is an ordered display of an individual's chromosomes. What is the primary purpose of creating a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

To identify chromosomal abnormalities

Answer

To determine the sex of an individual

Answer

To study gene expression patterns

Answer

To diagnose specific genetic disorders

Question 42

Genetic counselors play a crucial role in managing genetic disorders. Which of the following is NOT a primary responsibility of genetic counselors?

Accepted Answer

Performing genetic testing procedures

Answer

Providing information and support to patients and families

Answer

Assessing genetic risks and developing prevention strategies

Answer

Facilitating access to genetic resources and support groups

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Infectious disease

Answer

Mendelian disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Multifactorial disorder

Question 44

What is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Mendelian disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Polygenic disorder

Answer

Multifactorial disorder

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal disorder?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 46

Which genetic disorder is linked to a trinucleotide repeat expansion?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 47

Which treatment approach is used to address genetic disorders caused by gene mutations?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Pharmacotherapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Counselling

Question 48

What is the key difference between sporadic and familial genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Sporadic disorders arise in individuals with no family history, while familial disorders are inherited.

Answer

Sporadic disorders are always more severe than familial disorders.

Answer

Familial disorders involve mutations in multiple genes, unlike sporadic disorders which involve single gene mutations.

Answer

Sporadic disorders are more prevalent than familial disorders.

Question 49

What is the primary role of a karyotype in genetic counselling?

Accepted Answer

Identifying chromosomal abnormalities

Answer

Estimating the risk of inherited disorders

Answer

Providing information on gene expression

Answer

Diagnosing specific genetic disorders

Question 50

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of dominant alleles?

Accepted Answer

They are always expressed in individuals who have at least one copy of the allele.

Answer

They are only expressed in individuals who have two copies of the allele.

Answer

They are only expressed in individuals who have no copies of the allele.

Answer

They are only expressed in individuals who have one copy of the allele, but only if two dominant alleles are present.

Question 51

Which of the following is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 52

Which term describes a genetic mutation that involves the addition or deletion of a single nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Nucleotide substitution

Answer

Gene duplication

Question 53

Genetic disorders can have a wide range of potential impacts on individuals. Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence?

Accepted Answer

Improved overall health

Answer

Physical disabilities

Answer

Cognitive impairments

Answer

Increased risk of certain diseases

Question 54

Which of the following is a type of mutation that results in the addition of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Translocation

Question 55

What is the inheritance pattern of a dominant allele when an individual is heterozygous for that allele?

Accepted Answer

The trait is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals

Answer

The trait is only expressed in homozygous individuals

Answer

The trait is only expressed in heterozygous individuals

Answer

The trait is never expressed in the phenotype

Question 56

Which genetic disorder is primarily caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 57

What is the main purpose of genetic testing in relation to genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

To identify specific mutations associated with diseases

Answer

To predict the likelihood of inheriting a genetic disorder

Answer

To develop treatments for genetic disorders

Answer

To cure genetic disorders

Question 58

Which technology is primarily used for gene editing in research and potential therapeutic applications?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR-Cas9

Answer

Gene silencing

Answer

Microarrays

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 59

What is a key role of genetic counseling in the management of genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Providing information and support to individuals and families

Answer

Conducting genetic testing

Answer

Developing treatments for genetic disorders

Answer

Preventing the inheritance of genetic disorders

Question 60

What is the primary distinction between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific location on a chromosome, while an allele is a specific variant of that gene.

Answer

An allele is a specific location on a chromosome, while a gene is a specific variant of that allele.

Answer

A gene and an allele are the same thing.

Answer

A gene is a type of chromosome, while an allele is a type of protein.